関連する実験動画
Updated: Jul 8, 2025

10:20
Single-cell Profiling of Developing and Mature Retinal Neurons
Published on: April 19, 2012
14.2K
脊椎動物の網膜におけるニューロン細胞のクラスとタイプの進化
Joshua Hahn1, Aboozar Monavarfeshani2, Mu Qiao3,4
1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Nature
|December 13, 2023
まとめ
網膜細胞の種類は脊椎動物で高度に保たれていて,進化により内側の網膜が形成されている. 小人網膜のギャングリア細胞のような 古代の細胞タイプは 霊長類の高鋭度視力のために 再利用されました
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 進化生物学
- ゲノミクス
背景:
- 脊椎動物の網膜は 構造的な組織が保たれていて 視覚的適応が多様です
- 様々な視覚的ニーズに対応する網膜細胞の進化はあまり研究されていない.
研究 の 目的:
- 様々な脊椎動物種における網膜細胞の進化的保存と変化を体系的に調査する.
- 網膜細胞の種類とその進化的起源の根底にある保存された遺伝子発現プログラムを特定する.
主な方法:
- 17種の脊椎動物から単細胞トランスクリプトミックのアトラスを生成し統合する.
- 網膜細胞のクラスとサブクラスの遺伝子発現パターンの比較分析.
- オーソログ細胞の種類とその進化の軌跡を特定する
主要な成果:
- 主要な網膜細胞 (光受容体,双極性細胞,RGCなど) の高分子保存 進化の距離と相関する変異がある
- 種間で共有された多数の細胞タイプを特定し,古代の保存された遺伝子発現プログラムを示しています.
- 外側から内側の網膜に細胞の種類が変化し,網膜の出力に進化的圧力があることを示唆しています.
- 古代の起源と高精度視力の差異的な拡大を明らかにする霊長類の歯類のRGCの発見
結論:
- 網膜の細胞タイプは 進化的に深く保存されていて 古代のプログラムが 脊椎動物で共有された細胞タイプを支えているのです
- 進化的変異は内側の網膜,特に網膜のギャングリア細胞でより顕著であり,視覚処理に影響を与えます.
- のRGCは古代の細胞型で 類人猿の革新ではなく 類人猿の拡大により 高度な視覚の敏度と 皮質の処理が強化されました
関連する概念動画
The Retina
69.1K
The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.
69.1K
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways
6.0K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
6.0K
Anatomy of the Eyeball
7.1K
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
7.1K
Nervous Tissue: Neuron Types
2.8K
Neurons, the fundamental units of the nervous system, can be classified based on both their structural and functional characteristics.
Structurally, neurons are categorized into three main types: multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar (or pseudounipolar). Multipolar neurons, which are the most common type in the brain and spinal cord, as well as all motor neurons, possess multiple dendrites and a single axon.
Bipolar neurons, on the other hand, have one primary dendrite and one axon. They are...
Structurally, neurons are categorized into three main types: multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar (or pseudounipolar). Multipolar neurons, which are the most common type in the brain and spinal cord, as well as all motor neurons, possess multiple dendrites and a single axon.
Bipolar neurons, on the other hand, have one primary dendrite and one axon. They are...
2.8K
Vision
53.5K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
53.5K
Neuron Structure
13.0K
Neurons are the main type of cell in the nervous system that generate and transmit electrochemical signals. They primarily communicate with each other using neurotransmitters at specific junctions called synapses. Neurons come in many shapes that often relate to their function, but most share three main structures: an axon and dendrites that extend out from a cell body.
Structure and Function of Neurons
The neuronal cell body—the soma— houses the nucleus and organelles vital to...
Structure and Function of Neurons
The neuronal cell body—the soma— houses the nucleus and organelles vital to...
13.0K

