かつて 豊富 に 存在 し た 種 の 減少 が 昆虫 の 減少 の 原因 と なっ て いる
Roel van Klink1,2, Diana E Bowler3,4,5,6, Konstantin B Gongalsky7
1German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. roel.klink@idiv.de.
Nature
|December 20, 2023
まとめ
昆虫の個体数は減少しており かつては豊富だった種が最も減少しています これは 希少種だけが絶滅し 生態系や食物網に 影響を与えているという考えに 異議を唱えています
科学分野:
- エコロジー
- 生物多様性科学
- 保護生物学
背景:
- 陸上の昆虫の個体数は ここ数年 大きく減少しています
- 生物多様性の他の指標の傾向は 豊富さを越えて 理解されていません
- 集団の動態を理解するために 昆虫の群れに関する長期的なデータは 極めて重要です
研究 の 目的:
- 陸上の昆虫の繁殖と種の多様性の長期的傾向を分析する.
- 観察された変化を誘発している種の種類 (豊富か稀か) を特定する.
- これらの傾向が生態系機能に及ぼす影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 106件の研究から得られた 923種類の陸上の昆虫のメタ分析
- 時間の経過とともに多様性や種多様性の傾向を調べる.
- 集団レベルでの減少を分析し,当初豊富で稀な種を区別する.
主要な成果:
- 昆虫の繁殖率と種の多様性が同時に減少した.
- 最初 豊富だった種は 平均で 最も 減少しています
- いくつかの仮説に反して,豊富な種の減少は希少種の増加によって完全に相殺されませんでした.
結論:
- かつて豊富だった昆虫の種類が 広く減少していることが 昆虫の総数減少の主な要因です
- この発見は 生物多様性の喪失は 主に希少種の消失によって 特徴づけられているという 一般的な説と対照的です
- 豊富な種の減少は,食物網と生態系の機能に重大な潜在的影響を及ぼし,これらの重要な種に焦点を当てた保全の努力の必要性を強調しています.
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