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関連する概念動画

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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The Born-Haber Cycle02:44

The Born-Haber Cycle

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Lattice Energy 
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Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents00:49

Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents

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In gravimetry, the precipitant is chosen carefully to obtain a pure solid that can be easily filtered. Common inorganic precipitants can be used to determine several cations and anions. In some cases, the formation of the same precipitate can be used to determine the cation and the anion. For example, the reaction of barium and chromate ions to give barium chromate is used to determine both barium and chromate. However, precipitates such as hydroxides, oxalates, and metal ammonium phosphates...
1.3K
Preparation of Epoxides03:00

Preparation of Epoxides

7.7K
Overview
Epoxides result from alkene oxidation, which can be achieved by a) air, b) peroxy acids, c) hypochlorous acids, and d) halohydrin cyclization.
Epoxidation with Peroxy Acids
Epoxidation of alkenes via oxidation with peroxy acids involves the conversion of a carbon–carbon double bond to an epoxide using the oxidizing agent meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, commonly known as MCPBA. Since the O–O bond of peroxy acids is very weak, the addition of electrophilic oxygen of...
7.7K
Enolate Mechanism Conventions01:15

Enolate Mechanism Conventions

2.1K
When a carbonyl compound is treated with a strong base, the α position gets deprotonated to give a resonance-stabilized intermediate called an enolate. Enolates are ambident nucleophiles because they possess two nucleophilic sites that can attack an electrophile owing to the delocalization of the negative charge between the α carbon and oxygen atoms. When the oxygen atom attacks an electrophile, it is called O-attack, whereas electrophilic attack via the α carbon is known as...
2.1K
Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates00:52

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

918
After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 6, 2025

Metal-free Synthesis of Ynones from Acyl Chlorides and Potassium Alkynyltrifluoroborate Salts
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Metal-free Synthesis of Ynones from Acyl Chlorides and Potassium Alkynyltrifluoroborate Salts

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電子コクリステル化によって活性化される,高塩酸性エネルギー酸化剤

Andrew J Bennett1, Leila M Foroughi1, Adam J Matzger1,2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|January 5, 2024
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者は,持続可能な固体ロケットモーターのためのアンモニアム・ナイトレート (AN) とアンモニアム・ディナイトラミド (DNA) を改善するために,イオン性コクリステル化を使用して新しいエネルギーコクリステルを開発しました. これらの新しい材料は安定性と包装性を向上させ,従来の酸化剤の主要な限界を解決します.

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Nanothermite with Meringue-like Morphology: From Loose Powder to Ultra-porous Objects
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Reaction Kinetics and Combustion Dynamics of I4O9 and Aluminum Mixtures
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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2025

Metal-free Synthesis of Ynones from Acyl Chlorides and Potassium Alkynyltrifluoroborate Salts
09:58

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Reaction Kinetics and Combustion Dynamics of I4O9 and Aluminum Mixtures
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Reaction Kinetics and Combustion Dynamics of I4O9 and Aluminum Mixtures

Published on: November 7, 2016

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科学分野:

  • 材料科学
  • 化学工学
  • エネルギー物質

背景:

  • 塩化アンモニア (AP) は,固体ロケットモーターの標準的な酸化物質ですが,環境問題に直面しています.
  • 酸ナトリウム (AN) とアモニアム・ディニトラミド (ADN) は緑色の代替物ですが,安定性と結晶形質が悪い.
  • これらの問題は,密度の高い包装を阻害し,ロケット推進剤のANとADNの広範な使用を制限します.

研究 の 目的:

  • 持続可能な固体ロケットモーターのためのANとADNの取り扱いと処理の課題に取り組む.
  • 活力のあるコフォーマーでANとADNの新しい活力のあるコクリスタルを合成し,特徴づけること.
  • 酸化塩の性質を改善するためのイオン共結晶化の可能性を調査する.

主な方法:

  • 離子共結晶化により,ANとDNAの共結晶を 5,5'-dinitro-2H,2H'-3,3′′-bi-1,2,4-triazole (DNBT) で生成した.
  • 合成されたコクリスタルの熱特性と安定性を分析するために,差分スキャニングカロメトリー (DSC) が使用された.
  • 生成されたコクリスタルの酸素バランスは計算され,既存のエネルギー材料と比較された.

主要な成果:

  • コクリスタル2AN:DNBTの合成が成功し,ANの安定化と問題のある固体相移行を緩和しました.
  • 2DNA:DNBTのコクリスタルは,知られているすべての有機コクリスタルの中で最も高い酸素バランスを示しています.
  • これらの共結晶は,陽性な酸素バランスを維持しながら,エネルギーのある共結晶を用いた酸化塩の最初の例を表しています.

結論:

  • イオン共結晶化は,アンモニアム・ニトラートとアンモニアム・ディニトラミドの安定性と処理性を改善するための効果的な戦略である.
  • 開発されたコクリスタルは,熱安定性と高酸素バランスを含む強化された性能特性を提供します.
  • この研究は,より持続可能で効率的な固体ロケットエンジンの推進剤の開発への道を開きます.