医療における人工知能の3つの時代
Michael D Howell1, Greg S Corrado1, Karen B DeSalvo1
1Google, Mountain View, California.
JAMA
|January 16, 2024
まとめ
人工知能 (AI) は,AI 1.0 (シンボリック),AI 2.0 (ディープラーニング),AI 3.0 (ファンデーションモデル/ジェネレーティブAI) の3つの時代を経て進化した. これらの異なるAI時代を理解することは,AIの展開とリスクを把握するヘルスケアリーダーのために極めて重要です.
科学分野:
- 医療における人工知能 (AI)
- * 人工知能技術の進化
背景:
- * 人工知能 (AI) に関する関心は医療において高く,導入,リスク,可能性に関する疑問を提起しています.
- * 人工知能は1950年代から大きく進化し,異なる時代には異なる能力とリスクがあります.
- *AI 1.0はシンボリックAIと確率モデルを網羅しています.
- AI 2.0はディープラーニングによって特徴付けられ,日常生活と医療を向上させるため,タスク特有の分類と予測モデルを導入しました.
- AI 3.0は基礎モデルと 変容する能力と幻覚のような新しいリスクを持つ 生成型AIを備えています
研究 の 目的:
- * 医療指導者のための人工知能 (AI) の進化を理解するための枠組みを提供する.
- * 人工知能の3つの異なる時代に関連した能力とリスクを区別する.
- * 医療分野におけるAI導入に関する意思決定を支援する.
主な方法:
- ■AIの歴史的発展と3つの時代に分類する分析
- * それぞれのAI時代の特徴,能力,リスクの検討
- *AI 1.0,AI 2.0,AI 3.0に基づく概念的フレームワークの開発
主要な成果:
- AI 1.0:ルールベースのシステムと確率モデル
- AI 2.0 ディープラーニング 課題特有のモデルが 分類と予測に優れている
- AI 3.0: ファンデーションとジェネラティブモデルで,プロンプトによって様々なタスクが実行され,幻覚のような新しいリスクが提示されます.
結論:
- * 基盤モデルとジェネレーティブAI (AI 3.0) は,医療の変革の可能性を秘めた重要な進歩です.
- AI 1.0,2.0,3.0のフレームワークは,ヘルスケアリーダーが異なる能力とリスクを理解するための貴重なヒューリスティックを提供します.
- * 人工知能の導入に関する情報に基づいた意思決定には,それぞれのAI時代のユニークな特徴を認識する必要があります.
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