全世界のアンモニア排出量削減のための肥料管理
Peng Xu1,2, Geng Li3,4, Yi Zheng5,6,7
1School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
Nature
|January 31, 2024
まとめ
世界の作物生産は大気中のアンモニア (NH3) 排出に大きく貢献しています. 新しい機械学習モデルにより 肥料の管理を最適化して NH3を38%削減し 将来の気候変動の影響を軽減します
科学分野:
- 環境科学
- 農業科学
- 大気化学
背景:
- 農作物は大気中のアンモニア (NH3) の主要な源であり,空気の質,健康,生態系に影響を与えます.
- 現在,農耕地からのNH3排出量の推定値は,データの制限により不確実であり,効果的な緩和戦略を阻害しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 機械学習モデルを開発し,世界の農地からの正確な空間的に明示的なNH3排出因子を測定する.
- 肥料の最適化によるNH3排出量の削減の可能性を定量化する.
主な方法:
- 機械学習モデルを訓練するために フィールド観察のデータセットをまとめました
- 植物の特有の,空間的に明示的なNH3排出因子を,5アークミンの解像度で生成した.
- モデル化された潜在的な排出量削減と気候変動シナリオによる将来の影響
主要な成果:
- 2018年の米,小麦,トウモロコシからの世界的なNH3排出量は,以前の推定値より4.3 ± 1.0 Tg N yr-1と推定されました.
- 肥料の最適化により,窒素の総摂取量を変えることなくNH3の排出量を38% (1.6 ± 0.4 Tg N yr-1) 減らすことができる.
- 減少の可能性:米は47%,トウモロコシは27%,小麦は26%.
結論:
- 機械学習は,農業からのNH3排出量を推定し,軽減するための強力なツールです.
- ターゲットを絞った肥料管理は,NH3汚染とそのリスクを減らすための重要な戦略です.
- NH3の排出量は将来の気候変動で増加すると予測されていますが,緩和戦略は有効です.
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