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関連する概念動画

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

3.9K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
3.9K
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:24

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

509
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
509
Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness01:14

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

1.7K
Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...
1.7K
Aggression01:47

Aggression

27.8K
Humans engage in aggression when they seek to cause harm or pain to another person. Aggression takes two forms depending on one’s motives: hostile or instrumental. Hostile aggression is motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain; a fight in a bar with a stranger is an example of hostile aggression. In contrast, instrumental aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain (Berkowitz, 1993); a contract killer who murders for...
27.8K
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

5.3K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
5.3K
Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System01:15

Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System

2.8K
The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
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Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

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社会的に学習された脅威の 独特の皮質コード

Shana E Silverstein1, Ruairi O'Sullivan2, Olena Bukalo2

  • 1Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA. Shana.Silverstein@nih.gov.

Nature
|February 7, 2024
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

観察による恐怖学習 (OFL) は,マウスの背中前頭皮質 (dorsomedial prefrontal cortex,dmPFC) を必要とする. dmPFCは 他人から学んだ恐怖を 独創的にコード化し 脅威に対する行動反応を制御します

さらに関連する動画

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat
11:18

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat

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Measuring Attentional Biases for Threat in Children and Adults
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Measuring Attentional Biases for Threat in Children and Adults

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
06:42

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

11.6K
Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat
11:18

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat

Published on: September 12, 2014

15.2K
Measuring Attentional Biases for Threat in Children and Adults
08:25

Measuring Attentional Biases for Threat in Children and Adults

Published on: October 19, 2014

15.3K

科学分野:

  • 神経科学
  • 行動科学
  • 社会的学習

背景:

  • 動物は他人を観察することで危険を覚える.
  • 観察による恐怖学習 (OFL) のメカニズムは十分に理解されていません.
  • 背中前頭皮質 (dorsomedial prefrontal cortex,dmPFC) は,社会的情報処理と脅威のシグナル解明に関与している.

研究 の 目的:

  • OFLの神経メカニズムを調査する
  • OFLにおける dmPFC の役割を決定する.
  • dmPFCが社会的観察後に脅威特有の行動反応を生成する方法を理解する.

主な方法:

  • マウスの細胞解像度の微視内視鏡カルシウム画像
  • ニューロン回路のマッピング
  • 電気生理学的記録と光遺伝学

主要な成果:

  • マウスのOFLには,dmPFCが募集され,必要とされる.
  • dmPFCニューロンは 直接体験と比較して 観察による恐怖を 明確にコード化しています
  • dmPFC活動は,脅威中に行動状態のスイッチ (凍結/移動) を予測します.
  • PAGへのdmPFCプロジェクションは凍結行動を制限する.
  • dmPFCへの桃体と海馬のインプットは 凍結を調節します

結論:

  • dmPFCは 恐怖を観察するための 独特の神経コードを計算します
  • dmPFCは,観測された脅威に対する行動反応を選択するために,長距離回路を調整します.
  • この研究は 社会的脅威の学習の 神経的基盤を明らかにしています