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関連する概念動画

Preparation of Nitriles01:12

Preparation of Nitriles

2.0K
One of the common methods to prepare nitriles is the dehydration of amides. This method requires strong dehydrating agents like phosphorous pentoxide or boiling acetic anhydride for converting amides to nitriles. Another reagent namely, thionyl chloride also accomplishes the dehydration of amides, where amide acts as a nucleophile. The first step of the mechanism involves the nucleophilic attack by the amide on the thionyl chloride to form an intermediate. In the next step, the electron pairs...
2.0K
Reduction of Alkynes to trans-Alkenes: Sodium in Liquid Ammonia02:10

Reduction of Alkynes to trans-Alkenes: Sodium in Liquid Ammonia

9.2K
Alkynes can be reduced to trans-alkenes using sodium or lithium in liquid ammonia. The reaction, known as dissolving metal reduction, proceeds with an anti addition of hydrogen across the carbon–carbon triple bond to form the trans product. Since ammonia exists as a gas (bp = −33°C) at room temperature, the reaction is carried out at low temperatures using a mixture of dry ice (sublimes at −78°C) and acetone. 
When dissolved in liquid ammonia, an alkali metal,...
9.2K
Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis01:28

Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis

3.6K
Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
3.6K
Electrodeposition01:08

Electrodeposition

633
Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...
633
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene01:20

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene

6.0K
The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.
6.0K
Electrolysis03:00

Electrolysis

26.4K
In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
26.4K

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure
08:14

Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure

Published on: August 23, 2017

26.5K

NH3分子からの電気合成:進歩,課題,および将来の展望

Yongwen Ren1, Shaofeng Li2, Chang Yu1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Lab for Energy Materials and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 27, 2024
PubMed
まとめ

再生可能エネルギーによるグリーンアンモニア (NH3) 生産は,持続可能な,炭素フリーな燃料を提供します. この展望は,低効率に対処し,最適化されたシステムのための将来の研究を導くためにNH3電気合成方法を分類します.

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Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery
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Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery

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Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials
09:05

Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials

Published on: May 15, 2015

14.8K

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure
08:14

Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure

Published on: August 23, 2017

26.5K
Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery
09:50

Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery

Published on: January 22, 2015

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Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials
09:05

Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials

Published on: May 15, 2015

14.8K

科学分野:

  • 電気化学と触媒
  • 持続可能なエネルギーと緑の化学

背景:

  • 緑のアンモニア (NH3) は,再生可能電力を使用して生産される重要な炭素フリー燃料およびプラットフォーム分子です.
  • 現在のNH3の電気合成は,低収量と低効率で,その広範な採用を妨げています.
  • NH3合成の複雑さは,電気化学,触媒,プロセス工学のような多学科分野を含んでいます.

研究 の 目的:

  • NH3の電気合成における重複問題を解き放つために
  • この分野における将来の発展の方向性に関する指針を提示する.
  • 効率的なNH3合成システムのためのボトルネックの問題と戦略を深く理解する.

主な方法:

  • NH3の電気合成の分類スキームを導入した:直接 (N2還元反応) と間接 (Li媒介/プラズマ活性化).
  • 速度を決定するステップとボトルネックの問題 (例えば,N2活性化,H2進化) を特定するために複雑な反応経路を分離した.
  • 電気化学システムにおける最近の進歩をレビューした. 電気触媒,電極,電解剤.

主要な成果:

  • この分類方式は,NH3の直接的および間接的な電気合成経路を効果的に分離しています.
  • N2活性化,H2進化の副作用,インターフェースエンジニアリングを含む主要な課題を特定した.
  • NH3の生産効率を向上させるための材料とシステム設計の進歩を強調した.

結論:

  • N2活性化とH2抑制の特定のボトルネックに対処することは,NH3の電気合成を強化するために不可欠です.
  • 効率的なNH3合成システムの設計には,多層面の視点 (原子からマクロスケール) が不可欠である.
  • この研究は,グリーンアンモニア生産の最適化に焦点を当てた将来の研究のための枠組みを提供します.