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関連する概念動画

Visual System01:26

Visual System

581
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
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Vision01:24

Vision

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

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The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
7.1K
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
6.0K
Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

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The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
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The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

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Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
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Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision
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視覚システムの経路依存的進化の形態学的基礎

Rebecca M Varney1, Daniel I Speiser2, Johanna T Cannon1

  • 1University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 29, 2024
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

経路依存性や 進化の歴史は 視力のような複雑な特徴を 形成しています この研究は 貝殻の構造が 目の進化を制限する方法を明らかにし 自然界のシステムで 予測可能なものの 変数的な結果を示しています

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Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning

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4-Dimensional Imaging of Zebrafish Optic Cup Morphogenesis
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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision
05:07

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Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning
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4-Dimensional Imaging of Zebrafish Optic Cup Morphogenesis
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科学分野:

  • 進化生物学
  • マクロ進化のパターン
  • 発達上の制約

背景:

  • 経路依存は,進化の軌道を制限することによって,マクロ進化の予測可能性に影響します.
  • 自然系における経路依存を証明することは,独立した複製物が不足しているため,困難です.
  • 複雑な特徴の進化を研究するためのモデルを提供しています

研究 の 目的:

  • 自然集団内の複雑な特性の進化における経路依存性を実証する.
  • 開発上の制約がマクロ進化の成果を形作る役割を調査する.
  • ヒトの視覚系の進化を分析する

主な方法:

  • 異なるシェルプレート構造を持つキトン系統の比較分析
  • シェルプレートにおける感覚神経の開口数の検査
  • 視覚システムの複雑性 (眼球の数) の形態学的評価

主要な成果:

  • 2種類の分布した視覚系が キトンで独立して2回進化しました
  • シェルプレートの感覚神経開口の数は 視覚系が進化したタイプを制限します
  • より多くの開口を持つ系統は 何千もの眼球を進化させ 少ないものは 何百もの眼球を進化させました

結論:

  • チトンの視覚系の進化は 経路に依存する急速なプロセスです
  • 開発上の制約,特に殻の形態は,マクロ進化の結果を決定する.
  • これらの結果は決定的 (制限) と ストキャスティック (変数) の両方です.