2000年以降の傾向による2020年の低出生体重の国家,地域,および世界の推定値:体系的な分析
Yemisrach B Okwaraji1, Julia Krasevec2, Ellen Bradley1
1Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive & Child Health Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|March 2, 2024
まとめ
低出生体重 (LBW) の流行率は2000年の16.6%から2020年の14.7%にわずかに減少した. 2030年の目標達成には十分な進展がみられず, 予防への投資を増やす必要がある.
科学分野:
- 世界保健
- 流行病学について
- 母親と子供の健康
背景:
- 低出生体重 (LBW; <2500g) は,生涯の健康状態の重要な予測因子です.
- LBWの流行傾向を理解することは,世界的な健康目標に向けた進展を評価するために極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 2020年におけるLBWの流行に関する最新の世界的,地域的,および国別の見積もりを提供すること.
- 2000年から2020年までのLBWの動向を分析する.
- LBWを30%削減するという2030年のグローバル目標に向けた進展を評価する.
主な方法:
- 2000年から2020年までの国民を代表するデータを体系的に分析する.
- 158の国と地域から2042のデータポイントを利用した.
- バイアス調整と出生体重サブグループによる新しい見積もりによるベイジアン階層的回帰モデルを使用した.
主要な成果:
- 2020年には,推定1980万人の新生児 (14.7%) がLBWであり,2000年の2210万人 (16.6%) から減少した.
- 2012年から2020年にかけての年間平均減少率はわずか0.3%でした.
- 南アジアとサハラ以南のアフリカは,2020年のLBW出産の約4分の3を占めました.
結論:
- LBW削減のための2030年グローバル栄養目標を達成するには,現在の進展は不十分です.
- 急速な進歩には,特に高負担国における少女と女性の初等予防へのライフサイクル投資が必要です.
- 施設での出産の増加と高度な情報システムにより,LBWの管理データの質と利用可能性が向上します.
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