ミツバチは社会的に学習し 独りでイノベーションを起こすには 複雑すぎる
Alice D Bridges1,2,3, Amanda Royka4,5, Tara Wilson4
1School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. a.d.bridges@sheffield.ac.uk.
Nature
|March 6, 2024
まとめ
ハチは2段階のパズルボックスを開くような 複雑な行動を 社会的に学習することで 累積的な文化を示します 個人が単独で 作り出すのは難しいのです これは,そのような学習は人間にのみあるという考えに挑戦します.
科学分野:
- エトロジー
- 動物 の 行動
- 認知科学
背景:
- 動物の文化は 社会的に習得された行動が 時間の経過とともに持続することを含みます
- 蓄積的な培養は,先行したものを基礎として,動物でますます観察されています.
- 人間の累積文化には 個人の生涯の発見には 複雑すぎる行動が含まれています
研究 の 目的:
- 無脊椎動物種における 累積培養を調査する
- 個人のイノベーション能力を超えた 複雑で多段階の行動を 社会的に学習できるかどうかを 判断するためです
主な方法:
- 新しい2段階のパズルボックスを開くように訓練されたハチミツです
- 素朴な観察者のハチミツが 社会的な観察を通して 学習する能力を評価した.
- 社会的学習の成功と,長期間の個々の学習の試みを比較した.
主要な成果:
- 素朴なハチミツの多くが 2段階のパズルボックス作業を デモンストレーターから学んだのです
- 個々のハチミツは この複雑な行動を 独自に発見したり 革新したりできませんでした
- 社会的に学習された行動は 中間段階の行動が直接的に報われない場合でも 習得されました
結論:
- ハンブルミツバチは 累積的な文化を示し 社会的な学習を通じて 複雑な行動をとります
- この能力は 複雑な社会学習は人間に特有だという考えに 異議を唱えます
- ソーシャル・ラーニングは 個人の再イノベーションに難しすぎる行動の 伝達を促進します
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