呼吸道が閉ざされたことで発現する気動反射
Michael S Schappe1, Philip A Brinn1, Narendra R Joshi1
1Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Nature
|March 6, 2024
まとめ
研究者達は 呼吸道が閉ざされたときに 息を吐き出す新しい ヴァーガル神経の反応を発見しました この反射は,特殊な肺細胞 (神経皮質体) と,呼吸機能を維持するために不可欠なPIEZO2タンパク質を含む.
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 呼吸器の生理学
- メカノセンシング
背景:
- 呼吸器の機能には 呼吸管の整合性が不可欠で センサーニューロンが 反射を起こすことで 維持されます
- 呼吸器疾患では呼吸道阻害や肺容量低下が一般的であり,生命を脅かす可能性があります.
研究 の 目的:
- 呼吸道閉塞によって引き起こされる ヴァーグス神経のニューロンの反射を特徴づける
- 特定の神経経経路と 呼吸道閉塞の検出に関与する細胞成分を特定する.
- 呼吸機能の維持における この反射の役割を理解するために
主な方法:
- 感覚神経細胞を特定するために ヴァーガル・ギャングリオン画像を in vivoで撮る.
- 静脈PVALBニューロンと神経上皮体の刺激と消去.
- NEBにおける単細胞RNA配列と標的遺伝子ノックアウト (Piezo2)
主要な成果:
- 専用の気管神経が 呼吸道圧縮を検知します 伸縮ではありません
- PVALBと肺のNEBを発現するヴァガルニューロンは,呼吸道閉塞反応を媒介する.
- NEBやPVALBニューロンを刺激すると 息が詰まる反応がなくなり
- NEBはPIEZO2を均一に発現し,NEBのノックアウトは呼吸道閉塞反応を排除した.
- NEBはヘリング・ブリュアー呼吸反射を媒介する構造とは異なる.
結論:
- PVALBニューロンとPIEZO2発現するNEBを含む専用バガル経路は,呼吸道閉塞を検知する.
- この反射は,呼吸道阻害時に呼吸機能を維持するために,息を吸い始めるのに不可欠です.
- 神経上皮質は肺における重要なメカニカセンサとして機能し 触覚におけるメルケル細胞と類似しています
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