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Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Overview
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

396
Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
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Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
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Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

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Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
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Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

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Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Allergic Rhinitis Research with Multicolor Immunofluorescence
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アレルギー 的 な 鼻炎: レビュー

Jonathan A Bernstein1, Joshua S Bernstein1, Richika Makol2

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.

JAMA
|March 12, 2024
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

アレルギー性鼻炎は アメリカの人口の15%に及ぶもので 鼻の炎症や 鼻塞ぎや くしゃみなどの症状があります 治療の選択肢には,抗ヒスタミン剤と鼻内コルチコステロイドが含まれ,症状の重度と患者の好みに基づいて選択されます.

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Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber
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科学分野:

  • アレルギーと免疫学
  • 耳鼻喉科

背景:

  • アレルギー性鼻炎は米国の人口の15%に影響し,しばしば喘息,湿疹,鼻炎と併発する.
  • 鼻の上皮壁にアレルゲンが浸透し,Tヘルパー型2型炎症反応とIgEの産生を誘発する.

研究 の 目的:

  • アレルギー性鼻炎の病理生理学,臨床表現,治療について概要を述べる.
  • 臨床的発見と診断検査に基づいて,アレルギー性鼻炎と非アレルギー性鼻炎を区別する.
  • アレルギー性鼻炎の様々な重症度に対する根拠に基づいた治療の勧告を提供すること.

主な方法:

  • アレルギー性鼻炎と非アレルギー性鼻炎に関する既存の文献のレビュー
  • 症状の有病率と身体検査の分析
  • 現在の治療ガイドラインと治療選択肢の評価

主要な成果:

  • アレルギー性鼻炎は,特定のIgE反応と独特の物理的な発見 (淡い,腫れ上がったタービナート) によって特徴付けられます.
  • 非アレルギー性鼻炎は類似の症状を示しますが,特定のIgEが欠け,コルチコステロイドへの反応は少なくなります.
  • 断続的および持続的なアレルギー性鼻炎は,症状の頻度と期間によって定義されます.

結論:

  • 軽度のアレルギー性鼻炎の第一線治療には,第2世代のH1抗ヒスタミン剤または鼻内抗ヒスタミン剤が含まれます.
  • 中等から重度の持続性アレルギー性鼻炎は,鼻内用コルチコステロイド単独または鼻内用抗ヒスタミン剤との併用による初期治療が必要である.
  • 非アレルギー性鼻炎の治療は,潜在的に鼻内コルチコステロイドと組み合わせた鼻内抗ヒスタミン剤で開始されます.