農業の多様化による共同の環境的・社会的利益
Laura Vang Rasmussen1, Ingo Grass2,3, Zia Mehrabi4,5,6
1Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 4, 2024
まとめ
畜産,作物,土壌管理を含む農業の多様化は,社会と環境の両方の成果を高める. 多重戦略の実施は,単一のアプローチよりも大きな利益をもたらし,支援政策の必要性を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 農業科学
- 環境科学
- エコロジー
- 社会学
背景:
- 農業の単純化,特に集中的な単一栽培は 地球システムの境界を脅かしています
- この単純化は,持続可能性の社会的側面と環境的側面の両方に悪影響を及ぼします.
- 人類のニーズと生態系の健全性を バランスにするには 多様な農業システムが不可欠です
研究 の 目的:
- 農業の多様化が同時にもたらす社会的,環境的成果を定量化する.
- 畜産,作物,土壌,非作物栽培,水資源の保全といった5つの主要な多様化戦略の恩恵を評価する.
- 組み合わせた戦略が 個別の戦略よりも優れた結果をもたらすかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 11カ国で実施された24の研究のメタ分析.
- 2655の農場からのデータを含んでいる.
- 5つの異なる農業多様化戦略の評価
主要な成果:
- 農業の多様化は,人間の福祉,収穫量,食料安全保障など,社会的な結果に好ましい影響を与えます.
- 生物多様性,生態系サービス,外部性の削減などの環境成果を大幅に改善します.
- 複数の多様化戦略を同時に適用すると,孤立した戦略よりも実質的なポジティブな結果が得られます.
結論:
- 農業の多様化戦略を複数採用することは,社会的・環境的利益の相乗効果を達成するための鍵となるものです.
- 適切に設計された政策は,多様な農業慣行の統合的採用を奨励するために不可欠です.
- 持続可能な開発と 地球の境界を守るために 多様な農業への移行は不可欠です
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