タンパク質コロナ媒介によるナノ酵素活性抑制:タンパク質の形状の影響

Yalin Cong^1,2, Rongrong Qiao¹, Xiaofeng Wang³

¹CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100049, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|April 5, 2024

まとめ

ナノ酵素にコロナを形成するタンパク質の形は,その活動に大きく影響する. 繊維状のタンパク質はより密度の高いネットワークを作り,球状のタンパク質よりもナノ酵素の触媒を阻害します.

科学分野:

バイオマテリアル科学
ナノテクノロジー
生物化学

背景:

ナノ酵素は生物学的応用で使用され,生物学的流体と相互作用し,タンパク質の冠を形成します.
タンパク質の冠はナノ酵素の触媒活動を変化させるが,その特定の影響とメカニズムは十分に理解されていない.

研究の目的:

タンパク質のコロナ組成と構造がナノ酵素の触媒活動に及ぼす影響を調査する.
タンパク質コロナがナノ酵素機能を阻害するメカニズムを解明する.

主な方法:

AuNR@Pt@PDDACナノロッドを,過酸化酵素,酸化酵素,カタラゼミメティック活性を持つモデルナノ酵素として利用した.
プラズマタンパク質コロナにおける主要なタンパク質成分を特定した.
球状と繊維状のタンパク質によって形成されるタンパク質の構造の違いを分析した.

主要な成果:

タンパク質の冠は,ナノ酵素の触媒活性を有意に抑制する.
球状および繊維状のタンパク質は,明確な抑制効果を誘導する.
繊維状のタンパク質はより密度が高く,小さな孔を持つスクリーンメッシュ状のネットワークを形成し,球状のタンパク質よりも基板の浸透を阻害します.

結論:

タンパク質の形状は,ナノ酵素活動に対するタンパク質コロナの抑制効果を決定する重要な要因である.
タンパク質のコロナ構造を理解することは,生体医学用の効果的なナノ酵素を設計するために不可欠です.

さらに関連する動画

09:33

Monitoring Conformational Dynamics of Single Unmodified Proteins using Plasmonic Nanotweezers

Published on: March 21, 2025

681

08:30

Gene-therapy Inspired Polycation Coating for Protection of DNA Origami Nanostructures

Published on: January 19, 2019

9.0K

関連する概念動画

02:34

Enzymes

81.5K

Inside living organisms, enzymes act as catalysts for many biochemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism. The role of enzymes is to reduce the activation energies of biochemical reactions by forming complexes with its substrates. The lowering of activation energies favor an increase in the rates of biochemical reactions.
Enzyme deficiencies can often translate into life-threatening diseases. For example, a genetic abnormality resulting in the deficiency of the enzyme G6PD...

81.5K

01:28

Protein Denaturation

4.2K

The function of proteins depends on their native three-dimensional structure, which is dictated by the amino acid sequence of the specific protein. Folding of the polypeptide chain takes place under specific conditions that energetically favor the folded conformation. In contrast, protein denaturation occurs spontaneously under unfavorable conditions that disrupt the integrity of the folded conformation. Thus, the chemical and physical environment of a protein, such as significant changes in pH...

4.2K

01:30

Enzyme Inhibition

78.3K

Inhibitors are molecules that reduce enzyme activity by binding to the enzyme. In a normally functioning cell, enzymes are regulated by a variety of inhibitors. Drugs and other toxins can also inhibit enzymes. Some inhibitors bind to the enzyme’s active site, while others inhibit enzymatic activity by binding to other sites on the protein structure.

78.3K

01:13

Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis

8.1K

For many years, scientists thought that enzyme-substrate binding took place in a simple "lock-and-key" fashion. This model stated that the enzyme and substrate fit together perfectly in one instantaneous step. However, current research supports a more refined view scientists call induced fit. The induced-fit model expands upon the lock-and-key model by describing a more dynamic interaction between enzyme and substrate. As the enzyme and substrate come together, their interaction causes...

8.1K

02:47

Ribozymes

12.3K

The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can...

12.3K

01:13

Induced-fit Model

80.8K

Most chemical reactions in cells require enzymes—biological catalysts that speed up the reaction without being consumed or permanently changed. They reduce the activation energy needed to convert the reactants into products. Enzymes are proteins, that usually work by binding to a substrate—a reactant molecule that they act upon.
Enzymes exhibit substrate specificity, meaning that they can only bind to certain substrates. This is mainly determined by the shape and chemical...