がんスクリーニングのランダム化臨床試験におけるエンドポイントとしての死亡率と比較したがんのステージ: 系統的レビューとメタ解析
Xiaoshuang Feng1, Hana Zahed1, Justina Onwuka1
1Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
JAMA
|April 7, 2024
まとめ
ステージIII-IVのがん発生率は,がん特異的な死亡率の代替エンドポイントとして機能することで,がんスクリーニング試験を加速させることができます. しかし,その適性は癌の種類によって変化し,多種がんスクリーニング試験の試験設計と解釈に影響を与えます.
科学分野:
- 腫瘍学
- 臨床試験
- バイオ統計学
背景:
- がんスクリーニングのためのランダム化臨床試験 (RCT) は,がん特異的な死亡率を主要なエンドポイントとして一般的に利用します.
- このアプローチは試験期間を延長し,スクリーニング試験の結果の入手を遅らせます.
- ステージIII-IVのがんの発生は,RCTの完了を早める可能性のある代替エンドポイントです.
研究 の 目的:
- 癌のスクリーニングRCTにおけるエンドポイントとして,癌特異的死亡率とIII-IVステージの癌発生率の有効性を比較する.
- 異なる癌のタイプにおける癌特異的死亡率の減少とIII-IVステージの癌発生率の相関を評価する.
主な方法:
- 癌のスクリーニング (乳がん,大腸がん,肺がん,卵巣がん,前立腺がん,その他のがん) に関する41件のRCTのメタ分析が行われました.
- 参加者数,癌の診断,死亡に関するデータは介入と比較グループで抽出されました.
- ピアソン相関係数,線形回帰,および固定効果メタアナリシスは,エンドポイントを比較するために使用されました.
主要な成果:
- 癌特異的死亡率の減少とステージIII-IVの癌の発生率は,がんの種類によって有意に変化した (I2=65%,P=0. 02).
- 卵巣 (ρ=0. 99) と肺 (ρ=0. 92) がんでは高い相関が観察されました.
- 乳がんでは中程度の相関が認められ (ρ=0. 70),大腸がん (ρ=0. 39) と前立腺がん (ρ=- 0. 69) では弱い相関が認められた.
結論:
- ステージIII-IVの癌の発生率は,卵巣がんや肺がんなどの特定の癌のスクリーニング試験における癌特有の死亡率の適切な代替エンドポイントとして機能する.
- このエンドポイントは普遍的に適用されず,その有用性は変化し,特に多発がんスクリーニングのイニシアチブにおいて,試験設計において慎重に考慮する必要がある.
- この発見は将来のがんスクリーニング臨床試験の設計と効率を最適化するための重要な意味を持つ.
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