代謝酵素の進化におけるフラクタル幾何学の出現

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Updated: Jun 28, 2025

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Published on: December 25, 2021

Franziska L Sendker¹, Yat Kei Lo², Thomas Heimerl²

¹Evolutionary Biochemistry Group, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany.

|April 10, 2024

まとめ

研究者達はセルピンスキーのフラクタル三角形に自己組成するサイトレート合成という自然なタンパク質を発見しましたこの発見は分子組成とタンパク質複合体の進化の理解を広げています

科学分野:

バイオ物理学
構造生物学
進化生物学

背景:

フラクタルはスケールを超えて自己類似性を示し,自然に共通しています.
分子フラクタルアセンブリは合成システムに限られています
複雑なフラクタル構造に自然タンパク質の自己組み立てはほとんど未知のままです

研究の目的:

フラクタルパターンに自己組み立てできるタンパク質の発見を報告する
タンパク質におけるフラクタル形成の構造的メカニズムを解明する.
タンパク質フラクタルの進化的起源と潜在的な生理学的役割を調査する.

主な方法:

クリオ電子顕微鏡でフラクタルアセンブリの構造を決定する
酵素活動の調節を研究する生化学的測定法
進化の経路をたどるために祖先の配列を再構築する

主要な成果:

Synechococcus elongatusのサイトレート合成は自然にセルピンスキー三角形に自己組み立てられる.
クリオ・エムでヘクサメリックタンパク質の組み立てが明らかになった
フラクタル形成は刺激によって調節され, in vitroでは酵素活性を調節することができるが, in vivoでは機能が欠けている可能性が高い.
進化論的な分析によるとフラクタル構造は単一の置換の偶然の副産物として生まれました

結論:

タンパク質の自己組み立ては複雑な自然フラクタルを生成します
この発見により既知のタンパク質複合体のレパートリーが拡張されました
複雑なタンパク質の組成は単純な遺伝的変化によって進化する可能性がありますが直接的な生理学的利益はありません

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