幽霊 の 道 と アジア 太平洋 熱帯 森林 の 破壊
Jayden E Engert1, Mason J Campbell2, Joshua E Cinner3,4
1Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia. engert_ecospatial@outlook.com.
Nature
|April 10, 2024
まとめ
地図に載っていない"幽霊の道"が アジア太平洋の熱帯森林で急速に広がり 森林の大幅な伐採を促しています 違法に建設された道路は 生物多様性や生態系に 深刻な脅威をもたらしています
科学分野:
- エコロジー
- 保護生物学
- 環境科学
背景:
- 道路の建設は世界的に加速しており,特に生物多様性の高い熱帯地域で加速しています.
- 地図化されていないか
- ゴースト・ロード
- 生態系に対する脅威は 十分に理解されていないが
- これらの道路は森林の喪失,断片化,その他の環境と社会への悪影響を及ぼします.
研究 の 目的:
- 熱帯アジア太平洋地域のゴースト・ロードの範囲をマッピングし,定量化する.
- 道路の密度と森林伐採の関係を調査する.
- 道路による環境破壊の軽減における 保護区の有効性を評価する.
主な方法:
- 約7,000時間のボランティアが 道路の地図を作りました
- トロピカルアジア太平洋地域全体で142万件の1km2の土地を採取した.
- 森林伐採の相関関係として38の生体物理的,社会経済的変数の中で道路の密度を分析した.
主要な成果:
- 発見した道路の長さは137万kmで 既存のデータセットの3.0~6.6倍です
- 道路の建設が 森林の破壊に先立つことが分かりました
- 森林破壊の最も強い相関因子として道路の密度が特定され,密度と森林の喪失との間には非線形的な関係がある.
- 保護区は森林の喪失を防止する上でわずかな直接的な効果を有し,その主な保全役割は道路の制限である.
結論:
- 規制されていないゴースト・ロードは 熱帯雨林にとって重大な直接の脅威です
- 効果的な保全戦略では ゴースト・ロードの管理と地図作成を優先しなければなりません
- 保護区は,道路の建設とそれに関連する環境被害を制限するときに最も効果的です.
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