フォーミンによるアクチンフィラメントの伸びの分子機構
Wout Oosterheert1, Micaela Boiero Sanders1, Johanna Funk2
1Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
まとめ
細胞の形と動きに不可欠な アクチン・フィラメントの組成を導きます 新しい"アンロック・アンド・ロック"メカニズムは 成長するアクチンフィラメントと共に 動き,延長速度を制御する仕組みを明らかにします
科学分野:
- 細胞生物学
- 生物化学
- 構造生物学
背景:
- フォーミンはアクチンフィラメント (F-アクチン) アセンブリの重要なレギュレータであり,真核細胞の形態変異と運動に不可欠である.
- フォーミンとF-アクチンの間の正確な分子相互作用とその作用機構は,まだ完全に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- フォーミン-アクチン相互作用の構造的基礎と,フォーミン媒介によるアクチンフィラメントの延長メカニズムを解明する.
- F-アクチンの刺さった端におけるホルミンの構造的動態と,ポリメリゼーション中の転位を特徴付ける.
主な方法:
- 高解像度冷凍電子顕微鏡 (cryo-EM) を用いて,特定のホルミンで結ばれたF-アクチンの尖った端の構造を決定した.
- アクチン・フォーミン・プロフィリン複合体の構造分析が行われました.
主要な成果:
- Cryo-EM構造は,フィラメント構造によって指示される,F-アクチンの刺さった端に結合したホルミンの共通の非対称な形状を明らかにします.
- 新しい"アンロック・アンド・ロック"メカニズムは,ホルミンの転位がステリック・シフトによるアクチン・ポリメリゼーションとどのように結合されているかを説明する.
- アクチン-ホルミンインターフェースの安定性と位置付けは,速いホルミンと遅いホルミンの間のフィラメントの伸び速度の観察された差異と相関しています.
- アクチン・フォーミン・プロフィリン複合体の構造は,フィラメントの延長中にプロフィリンの急速な放出を明らかにする.
結論:
- "アンロック・アンド・ロック"メカニズムは,アクチンフィラメントの成長とフォーミンプロセシビティと協調の統一された説明を提供します.
- フォーミンの転位とフィラメントの伸び率は,特定のアクチン-フォーミンの相互作用によって微調整されます.
- アクチン・フォーミン・プロフィリン複合体の構造的な洞察は,効率的なアクチンポリメリゼーションに不可欠なプロフィリン放出のメカニズムを明らかにします.
関連する概念動画
Generation of Straight or Branched Actin Filaments
2.9K
The straight or branched structure formation of actin filaments is controlled by nucleating proteins such as the formins and Arp2/3 complex. Formin-mediated assembly results in straight filaments, whereas Arp2/3 protein complex-mediated assembly results in branched actin filaments.
Arp2/3 Complex
Arp2/3 complex is a seven-subunit complex consisting of two proteins similar to actin- Arp2 and Arp3, and five other subunits that help keep Arp2 and Arp3 inactive. When required, the complex is...
Arp2/3 Complex
Arp2/3 complex is a seven-subunit complex consisting of two proteins similar to actin- Arp2 and Arp3, and five other subunits that help keep Arp2 and Arp3 inactive. When required, the complex is...
2.9K
Actin Polymerization
6.6K
Actin polymerization occurs through the head-to-tail association of binding sites on monomeric actin or G-actin to form filamentous or F-actin. The polymerization can be divided into three phases ̶ nucleation, elongation, and steady-state phase.
The nucleation phase involves forming a stable nucleus consisting of three actin monomers to form a new actin filament. Actin-binding proteins such as formins and Arp2/3 complex help filament growth post-nucleation. The Formins form straight...
The nucleation phase involves forming a stable nucleus consisting of three actin monomers to form a new actin filament. Actin-binding proteins such as formins and Arp2/3 complex help filament growth post-nucleation. The Formins form straight...
6.6K
Actin Filament Depolymerization
3.1K
Actin filaments (F-actin) are composed of actin subunits. The dissociation of actin monomers can occur from either end of F-actin. The rate of dissociation is faster from the minus-end or the pointed end, where the actin subunits exist with a bound ADP, together known as ADP-actin. The depolymerization of F-actin is aided by proteins, including the actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) and cofilin family of proteins, gelsolin, and glia maturation factor (GMF).
In F-actin, the ADF/cofilin proteins...
In F-actin, the ADF/cofilin proteins...
3.1K
Formation of Higher-order Actin Filaments
3.0K
The polymerization of G-actin monomers into filamentous F-actin is a multi-step process. Once the F-actins are formed, they can bundle together in different arrangements to form higher-order networks and regulate cellular functions. Common examples include the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia at the cell's leading edge by actin reorganization in a migrating cell. The microvilli on the brush border epithelial cells are also formed through the F-actin network.
The high-order actin...
The high-order actin...
3.0K
Mechanism of Filopodia Formation
2.3K
Filopodia are thin, actin-rich cellular protrusions that play an important role in many fundamental cellular functions. They vary in their occurrence, length, and positioning in different cell types, suggesting their diverse roles.
Their main function is to guide migrating cells during normal tissue morphogenesis or cancer metastasis by recognizing and making initial contacts with the extracellular matrix. However, they can also act as stationary cell anchors or help to establish communication...
Their main function is to guide migrating cells during normal tissue morphogenesis or cancer metastasis by recognizing and making initial contacts with the extracellular matrix. However, they can also act as stationary cell anchors or help to establish communication...
2.3K
Introduction to Actin
5.1K
Actin is a highly conserved cytoskeletal protein found abundantly in eukaryotic cells. It constitutes 10% weight of the total cellular protein in muscle cells, while in non-muscle cells, it is lower and makes up around 1–5 percent of the total cell protein. Actin found in the unicellular amoebae and complex multicellular animals is around 80% similar, demonstrating their conservation over a billion years of evolution. Actin coding genes are conserved within species and across...
5.1K


