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Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

1.1K
The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
1.1K
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

17.1K
Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
17.1K
Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

2.2K
Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
2.2K
Conformations of Butane02:20

Conformations of Butane

14.2K
Unlike ethane and propane that have only two major conformations, butane has more than two conformers. The staggered form of butane in which the bulky methyl groups on the two carbons are placed on opposite sides, that is, at a dihedral angle of 180°, is the lowest energy, most stable form — called the anti conformer. This conformation is stabilized due to the absence of steric repulsion between the largely spaced out methyl groups. The other two staggered conformations are...
14.2K
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

1.1K
The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
1.1K
Emission Spectra02:39

Emission Spectra

52.3K
When solids, liquids, or condensed gases are heated sufficiently, they radiate some of the excess energy as light. Photons produced in this manner have a range of energies, and thereby produce a continuous spectrum in which an unbroken series of wavelengths is present.
52.3K

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Design and Use of a Full Flow Sampling System FFS for the Quantification of Methane Emissions
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Design and Use of a Full Flow Sampling System FFS for the Quantification of Methane Emissions

Published on: June 12, 2016

16.7K

冷たい茶色矮星からのメタン排出量

Jacqueline K Faherty1,2, Ben Burningham3, Jonathan Gagné4,5

  • 1Department of Astrophysics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA. jfaherty@amnh.org.

Nature
|April 17, 2024
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

天文学者は,孤立した茶色矮星CWISEP J193518.59-154620.3 (W1935) から強いメタン放射を検出しました. これは,オーロラのプロセスがそのようなオブジェクトで大気温の逆転を引き起こす可能性があることを示唆しています.

さらに関連する動画

The Use of an Automated System GreenFeed to Monitor Enteric Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Ruminant Animals
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Lab-Scale Model to Evaluate Odor and Gas Concentrations Emitted by Deep Bedded Pack Manure
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08:18

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The Use of an Automated System GreenFeed to Monitor Enteric Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Ruminant Animals
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Lab-Scale Model to Evaluate Odor and Gas Concentrations Emitted by Deep Bedded Pack Manure
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科学分野:

  • 外惑星科学
  • 大気物理学
  • ブラウン・ダワーフの研究

背景:

  • 紫外線は太陽系の大惑星で観測され H3+やメタンのような 赤外線信号があります
  • ラジオオーロラシグネチャーを持つ 孤立したブラウン・ダワーズの 赤外線オーロラを先行した探査は ゼロの結果でした
  • CWISEP J193518.59-154620.3 (W1935) は,温度約482Kの孤立した茶色矮星である.

研究 の 目的:

  • 孤立した茶色矮星W1935の赤外線放射特性を調査する.
  • W1935で観測された現象を駆動する 大気条件と潜在的エネルギー源を決定する

主な方法:

  • W1935の赤外線観測のためにジェームズ・ウェブ宇宙望遠鏡 (JWST) を利用した.
  • 観測されたスペクトルの特徴,特にメタンの排出を解釈するために大気モデリングを実施しました.
  • 観測データとモデルを比較して,大気温プロファイルと組成を理解する.

主要な成果:

  • W1935からJWSTを用いて3,326μmで強いメタン放射を検出した.
  • 大気モデリングは,1-10 mbarを中心に約300 Kの有意な温度逆転を明らかにした.
  • このモデルでは太陽系の大気惑星とは異なり,H3+の排出を排除した.

結論:

  • W1935の大気中の観測された温度逆転は,孤立した茶色矮星にとって異常であり,非標準的な加熱メカニズムを示唆しています.
  • オーロラ現象は 大気温暖化と温度逆転の 合理的な説明です
  • H3+の放出がないことは,W1935の観測された放出層に関連するより高い圧力での急速な破壊と一致しています.