大規模な系統のネットワークは,アヴァー族の社会慣行を明らかにする

Guido Alberto Gnecchi-Ruscone¹, Zsófia Rácz², Levente Samu²

¹Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. guido_gnecchi@eva.mpg.de.

Nature

|April 24, 2024

まとめ

古代のDNAは,カルパチア盆地におけるユーラシアの草原アヴァー時代入植者の間での厳格な父系親族関係と女性外婚を明らかにしています. 社会的団結は女性の外婚によって維持され,コミュニティの置き換えが証明された.

科学分野:

考古遺伝学
パレオゲノミクス
社会人類学

背景:

アヴァル時代 (紀元前567年~568年) は,ユーラシアの草原の人口がカルパチア盆地に約250年間定住した.
ゲノム構造,親族関係,社会的慣行を理解するには,遺伝的,同位体,考古学的,歴史的データの統合分析が必要です.

研究の目的:

詳細な血統を再構築し,古代DNAを用いてアヴァー時代のコミュニティの親族関係と社会慣行を分析する.
コミュニティ間の社会的連帯を維持する女性のエクソガミーの役割を調査する.
遺伝子の不連続性と考古学的,歴史的出来事との相関性を検出する.

主な方法:

広範な考古遺伝学サンプル (424個) と同位体分析.
古代DNAを用いて9世代 (約300個) の大きな血統を再構築.
アイデンティティ・バイ・ディセンテッド (IBD) DNA接続のネットワーク分析

主要な成果:

ゲノム構造,親族関係,社会的慣習の詳細な説明,厳格な父系系システム,父系地域性,女性外夫制を含む.
共同複合生殖パートナーとレビラート組合の識別,血縁の証拠なし.
遺跡の遺伝的不連続の検出はコミュニティの置き換えと地方政治の再編成と関連しており考古学的な変化に並行しています

結論:

カーパチア盆地におけるアヴァー時代社会は,強い父系と外婚の慣行を持つ複雑な親族制を示した.
女性のエクソガミーはコミュニティ間の社会的連帯に重要な役割を果たした.
遺伝分析は,大きな祖先のシフトなしに,コミュニティの置換イベントを含む,微細な人口動態を明らかにすることができます.

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