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関連する概念動画

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

1.6K
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

23.3K
Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

6.2K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
7.0K
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

12.5K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
12.5K

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Updated: Jun 27, 2025

A Chromatin Assay for Human Brain Tissue
11:31

A Chromatin Assay for Human Brain Tissue

Published on: March 21, 2008

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クロマチンのアクセシビリティ

Camiel C A Mannens1, Lijuan Hu1, Peter Lönnerberg1

  • 1Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden.

Nature
|May 1, 2024
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

この研究では 早期発達中のヒトの脳における クロマチンのアクセシビリティと 遺伝子発現をマッピングしています 遺伝子調節メカニズムを明らかにし,神経発達障害の変異に脆弱な特定のニューロンタイプを特定します.

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An Integrated Platform for Genome-wide Mapping of Chromatin States Using High-throughput ChIP-sequencing in Tumor Tissues
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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells
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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2025

A Chromatin Assay for Human Brain Tissue
11:31

A Chromatin Assay for Human Brain Tissue

Published on: March 21, 2008

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An Integrated Platform for Genome-wide Mapping of Chromatin States Using High-throughput ChIP-sequencing in Tumor Tissues
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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells
10:36

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: July 22, 2008

20.9K

科学分野:

  • 神経科学
  • ゲノミクス
  • 発達生物学

背景:

  • 人間の脳の発達には,転写因子とクロマチンのアクセシビリティによる複雑な遺伝子調節が含まれます.
  • 以前の研究では,特に最初の3ヶ月間,発達中の脳全体のクロマチンのアクセシビリティアトラスがありませんでした.
  • 単細胞の遺伝子発現アトラスは存在しますが,発達中の脳全体でペアリングされたクロマチンのアクセシビリティデータは限られています.

研究 の 目的:

  • クロマチンのアクセシビリティと ペアリングされた遺伝子発現の 総合的なアトラスを作成します
  • 初期の神経発達に関与する遺伝子調節要素とその標的遺伝子を特定する.
  • 神経発達障害の遺伝的基盤を調査し,遺伝的変異を規制要素と結びつける.

主な方法:

  • 発育中の人間の脳 (受胎後6~13週) から生成された多分子データ (染色体のアクセシビリティと遺伝子発現).
  • 135の異なる細胞群を定義し,遺伝子発現にリンクされたシス調節要素.
  • 転写因子結合部位を特定し,疾患に関連した単一の核酸多型性を分析するために,コンボリューション性ニューラルネットワークを使用した.

主要な成果:

  • クロマチンのアクセシビリティと 遺伝子の発現をマッピングしました
  • 発達年齢とニューロン分化によるアクセス可能な領域の増加が観察されました.
  • 中脳GABAergicニューロンのような特定のニューロンのサブタイプが特定され,重度のうつ病に関連した変異に脆弱である.

結論:

  • ヒトの早期脳の発達における遺伝子調節メカニズムに関する詳細な参考文献です.
  • 特定の規制要素と転写因子をニューロンのサブタイプ仕様とリンクする.
  • 神経発達障害を理解し,脆弱な細胞集団を特定するためのクロマチンのアクセシビリティマッピングの可能性を強調しています.