リゾビアとダイアトムの共生は,海に欠けている窒素を補う
Bernhard Tschitschko1,2, Mertcan Esti1, Miriam Philippi1,3
1Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany.
Nature
|May 9, 2024
まとめ
海の微生物
科学分野:
- 海の微生物学
- 生地化学
- 共生関係
背景:
- 海洋窒素 (N2) の固定は,海洋の生産性と生物学的炭素ポンプに不可欠です.
- 窒素固定は主にサイアノバクテリアに起因するが,窒素酶遺伝子は他の海洋微生物でも広く存在している.
- 海洋における非シアノバクテリアの窒素固定剤の役割はほとんど不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- 海洋の窒素固定生物を特定し特徴づけること
- 窒素を固定する新種のシンビオントと 海洋藻との共生関係を調査する
- これらの共生が海洋の窒素循環に与える影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 海洋微生物の窒素酶遺伝子を特定するためのゲノム解析
- 新しいN2固定シンビオント"Candidatus Tectiglobus diatomicola"の発見と分離
- シンビオンとダイアトームの宿主との間の固定された窒素と炭素の共生交換を調査する.
主要な成果:
- "Candidatus Tectiglobus diatomicola"の発見 シアノバクテリアではないN2固定シンビオン
- この共生生物は,単細胞の藻と窒素を固定する結合を形成し,Rhizobialesの既知の共生を拡大する.
- リゾビア-ダイアトムの共生は,熱帯北大西洋の固定窒素に大きく貢献し,サイアノバクテリアに匹敵する.
結論:
- "Candidatus Tectiglobus diatomicola"のようなサイアノバクテリア以外の共生生物は,海洋の窒素固定に大きく貢献しています.
- リゾビアとダイアトムの共生は,以前は海洋生態系における新しい窒素の過小評価された源です.
- これらの共生は,サイアノバクテリアが希少な広大な海洋地域における窒素固定率を説明するかもしれない.
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