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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

7.7K
Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
3.3K
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

12.0K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
12.0K
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

26.9K
The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
26.9K
Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

4.5K
Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
4.5K
Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation02:47

Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation

18.0K
Introduction
One of the convenient methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones is via hydration of alkynes. Hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes is an indirect hydration reaction in which an alkyne is treated with borane followed by oxidation with alkaline peroxide to form an enol that rapidly converts into an aldehyde or a ketone. Terminal alkynes form aldehydes, whereas internal alkynes give ketones as the final product.
18.0K

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Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization
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異質なニッケル水素触媒を用いたアルケンのイソメリゼーション

Alison Sy-Min Chang1, Melanie A Kascoutas1, Quinn P Valentine1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 21, 2024
PubMed
まとめ

硫酸ジルコニア (SZO300) に支えられた新型異質ニッケル触媒は,アルケンの異体化に高い活性と選択性を示しています. 地球に豊富な元素から作られる この強力な触媒は 均質で貴金属ベースのシステムの限界を克服します

さらに関連する動画

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes
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Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry
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Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry
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科学分野:

  • カタリシス
  • 材料科学
  • 有機化学

背景:

  • 均質な触媒は調整可能な選択性を提供しますが,安定性と再利用性は欠けている.
  • 異質な触媒は頑丈ですが,しばしば活性部位特異性がなく,改善するのが困難です.
  • 既存の単一場所の異質な触媒は高価な貴金属と複雑なサポートを使用しています.

研究 の 目的:

  • 地球に豊富な元素を用いたアルケンの異質化のための安定した,再利用可能な,高度に活性な異質な触媒を開発する.
  • 均質なニッケル水素触媒の分解問題を克服する.
  • 既存のシステムと比較して,選択性の向上とより広い機能群の許容性を達成する.

主な方法:

  • ニッケル基活性部位を硫化ジルコニア (SZO300) に固定する.
  • アルケンのイソメリゼーション,水素アルケニル化,水酸化,水素シリレーションのための触媒試験.
  • ニッケルとパラジウム触媒を比較する運動研究.

主要な成果:

  • Ni/SZO300触媒は高活性とアルケンの異体化に対する選択性を示し,同質および貴金属触媒を上回る.
  • 均質な前駆体の分解問題は,固定化によって防止されます.
  • 触媒は,他の反応における幅広い機能群の耐性および活性を示している.

結論:

  • 硫酸ジルコニアは,地球に豊富な金属から頑丈で高度に活性な異質な触媒を作り出すのに有効なサポートです.
  • Ni/SZO300システムは,アルケンのイソメリゼーション触媒における重要な進歩であり,実用的で持続可能な代替手段を提供します.
  • この異質な触媒は,イソメリゼーションを超えた様々な重要な有機変異の可能性を示している.