細胞型特異的なクロマチンのアクセシビリティの遺伝子調節 脳疾患の病因
Biao Zeng1,2,3,4, Jaroslav Bendl1,2,3,4, Chengyu Deng5,6
1Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
まとめ
人間の脳の制御要素の遺伝的変異は 病気のリスクに影響します この研究は,脳内の細胞型特異的な遺伝子調節を明らかにし,主要な調節変種と疾患病因における機能的役割を特定しています.
科学分野:
- 神経遺伝学
- ゲノミクス
- 分子生物学
背景:
- 人間の脳の遺伝子調節要素内の核酸変異は病気のリスクと関連しています.
- 細胞型特異的な遺伝子調節を理解することは 脳機能や病気のメカニズムを解読するのに不可欠です
研究 の 目的:
- クロマチンのアクセシビリティを包括的にマッピングし,異なるヒト脳細胞の規制変異を特定する.
- 人間の脳のレギュロームにおける遺伝子調節の細胞型特異性を調査する.
- 遺伝子発現に及ぼす影響について 機能的に検証する.
主な方法:
- クロマチンのアクセシビリティは,人間の死後の脳から並べられたニューロンと非ニューロンで測定されました.
- クロマチンアクセシビリティ 定量特征ロシ (caQTL) が特定されました.
- 大規模なパラレルレポーターアッセイは,脳の定量特征局部 (QTLs) をスクリーニングし,規制変数の機能的影響を評価するために使用されました.
主要な成果:
- 34, 539のオープンクロマチン領域と関連するcaQTLが特定されました.
- ニューロンと非ニューロン間で共有されたcaQTLは10. 4%のみで,重要な細胞型特異的調節を強調した.
- 機能性スクリーニングでは,誘発性興奮神経に機能的な影響を及ぼす476の調節変異が特定されました.
結論:
- 人間の脳のレギュロームの遺伝的調節は主に細胞タイプに特異的です.
- アレル固有のクロマチンのアクセシビリティを統合することで,病気に関連した変異の詳細なマッピングが強化されます.
- この研究は,脳の多様性とその病因における役割を理解するための貴重なリソースを提供します.
関連する概念動画
Epigenetic Regulation
3.0K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
X-chromosome...
3.0K
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing
7.0K
In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
The chromatin structure, especially...
7.0K
Neural Regulation
39.4K
Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
39.4K
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications
8.3K
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
Writers
The writer...
8.3K
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures
6.2K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
6.2K
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression
23.3K
Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area.
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
23.3K


