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Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

1.8K
Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
1.8K
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

1.1K
Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
1.1K
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

561
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
561
Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

442
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
442
Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates00:52

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

908
After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
908

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jun 25, 2025

On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature
07:42

On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature

Published on: March 11, 2022

1.8K

コロイド結晶での加工硬化

Seongsoo Kim1, Ilya Svetlizky2, David A Weitz1,3,4

  • 1School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Nature
|May 29, 2024
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

硬球型コロイド結晶は,以前は硬化することができないと考えられていましたが,この強化現象を示しています. 変位密度によって 切断強度が増加し 原子材料を反映し 物質変形の普遍的な原理を明らかにします

さらに関連する動画

Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography
12:29

Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography

Published on: March 13, 2021

5.4K
Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering
09:15

Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering

Published on: August 14, 2018

10.5K

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2025

On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature
07:42

On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature

Published on: March 11, 2022

1.8K
Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography
12:29

Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography

Published on: March 13, 2021

5.4K
Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering
09:15

Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering

Published on: August 14, 2018

10.5K

科学分野:

  • 材料科学
  • 凝縮物質物理学
  • 柔らかい物質の物理

背景:

  • コロイド結晶は,相変化や欠陥を含む原子結晶と構造的な類似性を共有しています.
  • 原子系とは異なり,コロイド結晶は通常柔らかく,その弾性性は純粋にエントロピー的である.
  • 切断下での原子結晶における一般的な強化メカニズムである作業硬化は,コロイド結晶では観察されていません.

研究 の 目的:

  • 硬球のコロイド結晶が硬化しているかどうかを調査する.
  • 切断ストレス下にあるコロイド結晶の機械的振る舞いを調べるため
  • コロイドと原子結晶の変形メカニズムを比較する.

主な方法:

  • コンフォカル顕微鏡を用いて,シアの下でコロイド結晶の振る舞いを観察した.
  • 変位密度と結晶の強さの関係を分析した.
  • 変位結節の形成と硬化におけるその役割を調査した.

主要な成果:

  • 硬球のコロイド結晶は,以前の仮定に反して,作業硬化を示すことが示された.
  • コロイド結晶の強さは 変位密度によって増加し 理論上の限界に近づいていることが示された.
  • これらのシステムにおける テイラー硬化のメカニズムとして 変位結合形成を特定した.
  • テイラー硬化前の一時的な段階と境界層の局所的滑りが見られた.

結論:

  • 硬球のコロイド結晶は,これまでこれらのシステムで観察されていない現象である作業硬化を示します.
  • 変位結合によって引き起こされるコロイド結晶のテイラー硬化は,物質変形の普遍的な原理を強調しています.
  • スケールとモジュールの違いにもかかわらず,コロイド結晶と原子結晶は基本的な硬化メカニズムを共有しています.