高齢者の転倒防止のための介入:米国の予防サービスタスクフォースのための最新証拠報告と体系的レビュー
Janelle M Guirguis-Blake1,2, Leslie A Perdue1, Erin L Coppola1
1Kaiser Permanente Research Affiliates Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon.
JAMA
|June 4, 2024
まとめ
運動による介入は高齢者の 転倒や怪我を大幅に軽減します 複数の因子による介入も 転倒を減少させますが 運動は結果的に より一貫した効果を示しています
科学分野:
- ゲロントロジー
- 公衆衛生
- 証拠 に 基づく 医学
背景:
- 落下は高齢者の怪我や 病気や死亡の主な原因です
- この集団の健康と自立を維持するには 効果的な転倒防止戦略が不可欠です
研究 の 目的:
- 落下防止の効果と害に関する証拠を体系的に検討する.
- 地域社会に住む高齢者の多因性および運動介入の評価
主な方法:
- 65歳以上の成人を対象としたランダム化臨床試験 (2016年−2024年) の系統的レビュー.
- 83件の試験 (n=48, 839) のデータを元にメタ分析が行われました.
- 多要素 (28 研究) と運動 (37 研究) への介入に焦点を当てた.
主要な成果:
- 複数の要因による介入は,転倒率 (IRR,0.84) を著しく低下させましたが,転倒や怪我を起こす個々のリスクは低下させませんでした.
- 転倒の個別のリスク (RR,0.92) と怪我による転倒 (IRR,0.84) を著しく減少させた.
- 運動介入の際には筋骨格の症状が認められた.
結論:
- 多因子介入と運動介入は,高齢者の転倒の減少と関連しています.
- 落下に関する様々な結果において,運動介入は統計的に最も一貫した効果を示した.
- これらの発見は,コミュニティに住む高齢者の転倒予防のための運動プログラムを実施することを支持しています.
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