食事によるミトコンドリアRNAおよび精子によるミトコンドリアRNAの表遺伝

A Tomar^1,2, M Gomez-Velazquez^1,2, R Gerlini^1,2

¹Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.

Nature

|June 5, 2024

まとめ

父親の食事は精子の小さなRNA,特にミトコンドリアRNA (mt-tRNA) に影響を及ぼし,受精時に子孫に転送され,代謝の健康と肥満のリスクに影響を与えます.

科学分野:

生殖生物学
エピジェネティクス
ミトコンドリア生物学

背景:

精子には子孫の発達に影響を与える小さな非コーディングRNA (sncRNA) が含まれています.
エピディジマ精子の環境要因に対する感受性は完全に理解されていません.
父親の食生活と健康は子孫の健康にとって極めて重要だと認識されています

研究の目的:

妊娠前の高脂肪食が精子のsncRNAプールに与える影響を調査する.
エピディジマまたは精巣の精子が環境のシグナルにより敏感であるかどうかを判断する
精子に由来する特定の要因と子孫の代謝健康におけるその役割を特定する.

主な方法:

精子のsncRNAの変化を研究するために,マウスの高脂肪食のパラダイムを使用した.
精子のsncRNA配列と代謝性フェノタイプ化を行いました.
単一胚のトランスクリプトミクスを実施し,受精時にRNAの移転を評価した.

主要な成果:

胚性精子細胞は,食事に対して敏感であり,ミトコンドリアのtRNA (mt-tRNA) と断片 (mt-tsRNA) の含有量を変化させる.
父親の肥満は子孫の肥満リスクと代謝の健康状態の悪化と関連しています
ミトコンドリア機能障害は,受精時に卵細胞に転送され,初期の胚転写に影響を与えるmt-tsRNAsのアップレギュレーションにつながります.

結論:

精子のmt-tRNAは,父親の食事によって引き起こされ,子孫に伝わり,代謝に影響する.
精子のミトコンドリアRNAは,父から子への代謝プログラムに役割を果たします.
代謝障害を予防するには父の健康を維持することが不可欠です

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