飛ぶ 鳥 の 飛行 の 仕組み に 影響 する の は 呼吸 器 です
Emma R Schachner1, Andrew J Moore2, Aracely Martinez3
1Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. eschachner@ufl.edu.
Nature
|June 12, 2024
まとめ
鳥の呼吸器の延長である胸下ダイバーティキュル (SPD) は,飛ぶ種で独立して進化し,飛行適応との関連を示唆している. この構造は飛翔の筋肉のレバレッジを高め 飛ぶ鳥を助けます
科学分野:
- 鳥類の生物学
- バイオメカニクス
- 進化生物学
背景:
- 胸下 (SPD) は鳥の呼吸器系の延長である.
- 飛行に関するその存在と機能は完全に解明されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- 鳥類におけるSPDの進化的発生と機能的重要性を調査する.
- 高空飛行の生体力学における SPD の役割を決定する.
主な方法:
- 68種の鳥の肺部を調査した.
- モデル生物として飛翔鷹 (Buteo jamaicensisとButeo swainsoni) を利用した.
- 筋肉構造とレバレッジメカニズムを分析した.
主要な成果:
- SPDはほとんどの飛翔する鳥に存在し,飛翔しない種には存在せず,少なくとも7回収束した進化を示しています.
- SPDは換気には欠かせないが,胸筋のレバレッジを増やすことができる.
- 空を飛ぶ鷹は,空を飛ぶ鳥と比べると,胸筋が短くなります.
結論:
- 特殊な筋肉の構造と組み合わせた 胸部のレバレッジを高めるためのSPDの適応は 高空飛行に必要な対称収縮をサポートします
- これは 鳥の運動と飛行の進化における 呼吸器系のメカニカルな役割を 強調しています
- 肺のダイバーティキュラは,鳥類の進化に影響を与える他の未発見の機能を有している可能性があります.
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