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Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

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The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle...
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Proliferative Phase

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The proliferative phase typically occurs after menstruation and lasts between 6 to 13 days in a standard 28-day cycle. This phase involves the reconstruction of the endometrium, guided by estrogen produced by the developing ovarian follicle.
Notably, the stratum basale, the basal layer of the endometrium, including the basal parts of the uterine glands, remains unaffected by menstruation. Stem cells in this layer undergo mitosis, regenerating the stratum functionalis and thickening the...
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Development of Blood Vessels01:07

Development of Blood Vessels

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The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
The initial formation of this system is facilitated by the small amount of yolk present in the ovum and yolk sac. Blood vessels originate from...
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Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Methods for Studying Uterine Contributions to Pregnancy Establishment in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model
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Methods for Studying Uterine Contributions to Pregnancy Establishment in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model

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妊娠前の病理生理学,妊娠中の病理生理学

Marie-France Hivert1, Helena Backman2, Katrien Benhalima3

  • 1Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse (CoRAL), Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Lancet (London, England)
|June 23, 2024
PubMed
まとめ

妊娠中の合併症である妊娠糖尿病は 以前考えられていたよりも複雑です 副型と早期の代謝変化を理解することは 母親と乳児の合併症を防ぐための鍵です

さらに関連する動画

Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface
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Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface

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Author Spotlight: Modeling an Aspect of Preeclampsia in Female Mice Using Hypoxic Human Placenta-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles
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Author Spotlight: Modeling an Aspect of Preeclampsia in Female Mice Using Hypoxic Human Placenta-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2025

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Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface
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Author Spotlight: Modeling an Aspect of Preeclampsia in Female Mice Using Hypoxic Human Placenta-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles
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科学分野:

  • 産婦人科
  • 内分泌学
  • 産前医学

背景:

  • 妊娠中の糖尿病 (GDM) は,妊娠中の最も頻繁な合併症です.
  • 歴史的に,GDMの管理は,後半の第二 trimesterの血糖制御に焦点を当てました.
  • 新興の証拠は,妊娠前および妊娠特有の要因が,GDMの病因および結果に及ぼす影響を強調しています.

研究 の 目的:

  • 妊娠糖尿病に関する 伝統的な見解に異議を唱えるため
  • タイミングと病理生理学に基づいてGDMの異質性を探求する.
  • 早期の代謝障害が母親と胎児の発達に与える影響を調査する.

主な方法:

  • 妊娠糖尿病の病理学に関する最近の証拠のレビュー.
  • 妊娠中の血糖に影響を与える要因の分析
  • 妊娠初期と後半のインスリン分泌と抵抗パターンの検査

主要な成果:

  • 妊娠糖尿病は早発型とインスリン抵抗性のサブタイプで異質性がある.
  • 早期のGDM代謝の変化は胎盤の発達を阻害し,胎児の成長に影響を与える可能性があります.
  • 特定のGDMサブタイプは,妊娠合併症のリスクの増加と関連しています.

結論:

  • GDMの病理学と異質性をより深く理解することが重要です.
  • 母親と子孫の短期的および長期的合併症を防ぐために新しい管理戦略が必要である.
  • 処置は妊娠前,妊娠後,出産後の期間を含めるべきです.