サルコペニアの概念の定義と変遷

Maria Luz Sanchez-Tocino1, Secundino Cigarrán2, Pablo Ureña3

  • 1Fundación Renal Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo, Salamanca, Spain.

Nefrologia
|June 30, 2024
PubMed

サルコペニアとダイナペニアは、加齢に関連する2つの用語であり、それぞれ筋肉量の減少と筋力の低下を定義している。2018年、高齢者サルコペニアに関する欧州作業グループ(EWGSOP)は、これら両方の概念を統合したサルコペニアの診断アルゴリズム「EWGSOP2」を導入した。これは、サルコペニアのスクリーニング、筋力の検査、筋肉量および身体機能の評価という4つの連続したステップで構成されており、後者の3つの側面に応じて、サルコペニアはそれぞれ「probable(可能性あり)」、「confirmed(確定)」、「severe(重症)」に分類される。様々な臨床現場におけるEWGSOP2アルゴリズムの妥当性確認がなされていないため、血液透析におけるその運用にはいくつかの制限がある。(a) スクリーニングの感度が低いこと、(b) 筋肉量を評価する手法が日常的な臨床ケアにおいて十分なアクセシビリティ、信頼性、または安全性を備えていないこと、(c) ダイナペニアと筋肉量を評価する指標を逐次的に用いることが、透析を受ける高齢者の筋疾患を適切に反映していないと思われること、である。我々は、サルコペニアの定義、および「ミオペニア」(筋肉量の減少を指す従来のサルコペニアの概念に代わる用語)、ダイナペニア、クラトペニアといったより正確な用語の使用について考察する。臨床ルーチンにおける適用可能性、リソース消費、リスクのある個人の特定、およびイベントへの影響という観点から、EWGSOP2の prospective な評価と、代替案(すなわち、クラトペニアとダイナペニアのみの評価、ステップ2および4)との比較を提案する。

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