TMPRSS2とグリカン受容体は,コロナウイルスの侵入を相乗的に促進する
Haofeng Wang1, Xiaoce Liu1, Xiang Zhang2
1Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai 201210, China.
Cell
|July 4, 2024
まとめ
人間の新型コロナウイルスHKU1は,細胞の侵入に作用するシネジスティックなメカニズムを使用しています. シアログリカンがスパイクタンパク質に結合すると,形状の変化が起こり,TMPRSS2受容体がウイルスの侵入を認識できる.
科学分野:
- ウイルス学
- 構造生物学
- 生物化学
背景:
- コロナウイルスは宿主受容体のスパイクタンパク質認識によって侵入を開始します.
- TMPRSS2とシアログリカンは,ヒトコロナウイルスHKU1 (HCoV-HKU1) の受容体として特定されています.
- HCoV-HKU1のウイルスの侵入を制御するメカニズムはほとんど不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- HCoV-HKU1の侵入の分子メカニズムを解明する.
- スパイクタンパク質と受容体の相互作用の構造的基礎を調査する.
- シアログリカンとTMPRSS2がウイルスの侵入に及ぼす作用を理解する.
主な方法:
- HCoV-HKU1Cのスパイクタンパク質を様々な状態 (無活性,グリカン活性,アンカー) で調査した.
- 構造分析,突然変異,結合測定を用いた.
- HCoV-HKU1Aの構造をHCoV-HKU1Cと併用して調べました.
主要な成果:
- シアログリカン結合は,TMPRSS2の認識のためのRBDを開き,スパイクNTDの構成変化を誘導する.
- HCoV-HKU1について,シアログリカンとTMPRSS2が関与するシナギスティックエントリーメカニズムが明らかになった.
- HCoV-HKU1 RBDは,TMPRSS2を3つの新しいインターフェースで認識する挿入サブドメインを有しています.
- HCoV-HKU1の保存された受容体認識パターンが確認されました.
結論:
- ウイルスの侵入は,スパイクタンパク質の構造変化によって媒介されるシアログリカンとTMPRSS2の連携した相互作用を伴う.
- HCoV-HKU1スパイクタンパク質によるTMPRSS2認識のための新しいインターフェースを発見した.
- この発見は,新型コロナウイルス感染症に対する新たな治療法の開発の基盤となる.
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