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関連する概念動画

The Carbon Cycle01:14

The Carbon Cycle

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Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
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Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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The Soil Ecosystem02:23

The Soil Ecosystem

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Plants obtain inorganic minerals and water from the soil, which acts as a natural medium for land plants. The composition and quality of soil depend not only on the chemical constituents but also on the presence of living organisms. In general, soils contain three major components:
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The Sulfur Cycle01:22

The Sulfur Cycle

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Sulfur, an important element in the chemical makeup of proteins, is recycled through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial environments. Found in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur is released by decaying organisms, weathered rocks, geothermal vents, volcanos, and burning fossil fuels. It is deposited into the ecosystem, cycled through the biotic community, and either released back into the atmosphere as gas or deposited in marine sediment for long-term storage and eventual...
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The Calvin Benson Cycle01:46

The Calvin Benson Cycle

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Ribulose 1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) is a critical enzyme that catalyzes carbon dioxide assimilation during photosynthesis. However, it is an inefficient enzyme, having an extremely slow catalytic rate. A typical enzyme can process about a thousand molecules per second; however, RuBisCo fixes only around three-carbon dioxides per second. Photosynthetic cells compensate for this slow rate by synthesizing very high amounts of RuBisCo, making it the most abundant single...
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C4 Pathway and CAM01:27

C4 Pathway and CAM

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Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
C4 Pathway
The C4 pathway is used by plants such as...
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Monitoring Pedogenic Inorganic Carbon Accumulation Due to Weathering of Amended Silicate Minerals in Agricultural Soils.
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世界 の 森林 の 炭素 吸収 場

Yude Pan1, Richard A Birdsey2, Oliver L Phillips3

  • 1USDA Forest Service, Durham, NH, USA. yude.pan@usda.gov.

Nature
|July 17, 2024
PubMed
まとめ

地球上の森林は 安定した炭素吸収を維持し 大量の二酸化炭素 (CO2) を吸収します しかし,温帯および熱帯の再生森林は,沈没能力が増加し,北極および無傷の熱帯森林は,干渉と面積の減少のために減少しています.

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Design and Operation of a Continuous 13C and 15N Labeling Chamber for Uniform or Differential, Metabolic and Structural, Plant Isotope Labeling
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Design and Operation of a Continuous 13C and 15N Labeling Chamber for Uniform or Differential, Metabolic and Structural, Plant Isotope Labeling
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科学分野:

  • 生態学と気候科学
  • 森林の炭素貯蔵
  • 陸上の生態系

背景:

  • 地球上の生態系,特に森林は,大気中の二酸化炭素 (CO2) を吸収することで,気候変動を緩和する上で重要な役割を果たしています.
  • 森林の炭素吸収源の長期的傾向と生物群特有の貢献を理解することは,気候モデリングと政策開発に不可欠です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 森林が地球上のバイオーム全体に及ぼす二酸化炭素吸収の長期的評価を行う.
  • 森林の二酸化炭素吸収量における バイオームレベルの変化を 30年にわたって分析するためです
  • 森林の炭素吸収容量と化石燃料の排出量,森林伐採の影響を評価する.

主な方法:

  • 30年に及ぶ北極,温帯,熱帯の森林データを集約した.
  • グローバルとバイオムレベルでのカーボンシンク傾向の分析
  • 森林の炭素吸収能力と化石燃料の排出量と森林伐採率の比較

主要な成果:

  • 森林の炭素吸収量は1990年代から2010年代まで安定した. 3.5 〜 3. 6 Pg C yr−1) となっている.
  • 温帯および熱帯の再生森林は,森林面積の拡大により,炭素吸収量が増加しました (それぞれ30%と29%).
  • 熱帯雨林と原始熱帯雨林は 干渉の増大と面積の減少により 炭素吸収量 (それぞれ-36%,31%) が減少しました

結論:

  • 森林の炭素吸収量は安定していますが 土地面積の変化や 干渉による地域差は大きいです
  • 森林の減少は化石燃料の排出量の 半分近くを相殺しますが 熱帯の森林伐採は この恩恵の3分の2を 奪っています
  • 森林の老化,森林伐採の進行,そして干渉の増加により,将来の森林の沈殿能力が脅かされ,標的型の土地管理政策が必要となる.