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Hallucinogens and Psychedelics01:27

Hallucinogens and Psychedelics

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Hallucinogens are psychoactive substances that profoundly alter perceptual experiences, generating unreal visual and sensory images. Often referred to as psychedelic drugs — a term derived from the Greek words "psyche" (mind) and "delos" (revealing) — these substances include marijuana and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), among others. These drugs vary in intensity and effects.
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CNS Stimulants: Psychedelic Agents01:22

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Hallucinogens, also known as psychedelic drugs, are a class of substances known for their ability to alter perception, cognition, and emotions. Despite their profound effects on the mind, these drugs are non-addictive, setting them apart from many other abused substances. The mechanism of action of these drugs lies in their impact on the 5-HT2A receptor in the brain. Upon activation, this receptor couples to Gq-type G proteins, triggering a cascade that releases intracellular calcium. This...
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Altered States of Awareness01:06

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Altered states of consciousness represent significant deviations from one's normal mental state. These deviations can range from subtle changes in awareness to profound transformations in perception, thought processes, and sensory experiences. Altered states of consciousness can be triggered by various factors, including drug use, meditation, hypnosis, illness, or even intense fatigue.
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Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
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サイロサイビンは人間の脳を非同期させる

Joshua S Siegel1, Subha Subramanian2, Demetrius Perry3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA. jssiegel@wustl.edu.

Nature
|July 17, 2024
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

サイロシビンの単一投与は 脳の接続に急速に影響を及ぼし ネットワークを破壊し 治療効果をもたらす可能性があります この変化は 特にデフォルトモードのネットワークでは 何週間も続きます サイケデリック行為の洞察を与えてくれます

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科学分野:

  • 神経科学
  • 精神薬学
  • 神経イメージング

背景:

  • サイコロシビンはサイケデリックで 人間では治療効果が速く 動物では神経可塑性を誘発します
  • 脳のネットワークの変化と サイケデリックの長期的な影響の関係はまだ不明です

研究 の 目的:

  • 縦断的な機能マッピングを用いて,サイロサイビン投与後の個別の脳ネットワークの変化を調査する.
  • これらの脳の変化と 主観的な経験を相関させ その持続性を評価する

主な方法:

  • 高用量プシロシビン (25 mg) とメチルフェニダート (40 mg) の前,中,および3週間後の健康な成人の縦断精度機能マッピング (fMRI).
  • 機能的接続性 (FC) の変化,ネットワークの違い,前海馬とデフォルトモードのネットワークの接続性を評価した.
  • 2回目のサイロシビン投与で6~12ヶ月間追跡され,持続効果が評価されました.

主要な成果:

  • サイロシビンは,メチルフェニダートの効果を上回る,皮質と皮質下部の機能的接続性の有意な,用量依存の障害を引き起こしました.
  • 脳の非同期はネットワークの区別を減らし,デフォルトモードのネットワークで最も顕著な変化をもたらしました.
  • FCの変化の個々の差異は,主観的なサイケデリック体験と相関しています.
  • 前海馬とデフォルトモードネットワークの間のFCの持続的な低下は, псилоцибинの投与後数週間観察されました.

結論:

  • サイロサイビンは 脳の機能的接続を大きく破壊し ネットワークの非同期を促し ネットワークの区別を変化させます
  • ヒポカンプス-デフォルトモードのネットワーク接続の持続的な減少は,サイケデリックのプロプラスティシティと治療の可能性を裏付けている可能性があります.
  • サイロサイビンに対する個々の脳の反応は主観的な効果と関連しており,個別化された治療メカニズムを示唆しています.