関連する実験動画
Updated: Jun 17, 2025
08:51
Microinjection for Transgenesis and Genome Editing in Threespine Sticklebacks
Published on: May 13, 2016
13.9K
すべての肺魚のゲノムは,ゲノム拡大と四足類の進化について情報を提供する
Manfred Schartl1,2,3, Joost M Woltering4, Iker Irisarri5
1Developmental Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. phch1@biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de.
Nature
|August 14, 2024
まとめ
肺魚のゲノムは 魚と四足の交代について 洞察を与えてくれます レピドシレンパラドクサの大量ゲノム拡張は,移植可能な要素の抑制が低下し,肢体の発達に影響する.
科学分野:
- 進化生物学
- ゲノミクス
- 発達生物学
背景:
- 肺魚は水から陸への脊椎動物の移行を理解するために重要です
- 彼らのゲノムは デボニアムの サルコプテリジアン魚とテトラポッドの 移行について 分子的な洞察を 提供しています
研究 の 目的:
- アフリカ (Protopterus annectens) と南米 (Lepidosiren paradoxa) の肺魚のゲノムを新たに配列化し分析する.
- 肺魚の進化と 魚から四足動物への移行の ゲノムの基礎を調査する
主な方法:
- Protopterus annectensとLepidosiren paradoxaの全ゲノムシーケンシングについて
- Neoceratodus forsteriや他の脊椎動物との比較ゲノム分析
- 移植可能な要素の活性と遺伝子調節の分析
主要な成果:
- レピドシレンのパラドックスゲノムは,主に拡張された遺伝子間領域と高重複量 (90%) のイントロンにより,最大級の動物ゲノム配列 (91 Gb) である.
- 肺魚のゲノムは,レピドシレンが過去1億年にわたって急速な拡張を示しているため,まだ活性な移植可能な要素 (TE) によって活発に拡張しています.
- ゲノム拡張は,PIWI相互作用RNAおよび特定の亜鉛指/KRAB領域タンパク質などのTEsを抑制する遺伝子の発現の減少と相関しています.
- TE活動にもかかわらず,肺魚の染色体は祖先の四足のカリオタイプを保存しています.
- ネオセラトドゥスの四肢のようなの現象的停滞は,レピドシレン・プロトプテラスの祖先における二次的な付属体の喪失と対照的である.これは,ソニック・ヘッジホッグの四肢特有の強化剤の喪失と関連している.
結論:
- 肺魚のゲノムは 魚から四足動物への移行の 基礎となる 分子や発達的な出来事の ユニークな窓を提供します
- 肺魚の巨大なゲノムサイズと 活性な移植可能な要素は ゲノム進化のダイナミクスを洞察します
- 臓器のような付属体の喪失は,ソニック・ヘッジホッグのような 重要な発達遺伝子の規制変化と関連している.
関連する概念動画
01:51Lampbrush Chromosomes
7.9K
In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops...
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops...
7.9K
02:37Gene Duplication and Divergence
6.1K
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
6.1K
02:05Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?
7.1K
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
In contrast, regions which code...
7.1K
02:54Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons
5.7K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
5.7K
01:54Convergent Evolution
27.6K
Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
27.6K
03:21Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes
7.9K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
7.9K