子どもと青少年における長期COVIDの特徴

Rachel S Gross¹, Tanayott Thaweethai^2,3, Lawrence C Kleinman^4,5

¹Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York.

JAMA

|August 28, 2024

まとめ

この研究では,SARS-CoV-2感染 (PASC) の後遺症または長期間COVIDの一般的な長期間症状を子供および青少年で特定しました. 研究者は,この状態を小児集団で特定し,研究するのに役立つPASC指標を開発しました.

科学分野:

小児の健康
感染症
縦断的な研究

背景:

SARS-CoV-2感染 (PASC) の急性後遺症または長期COVIDに関するほとんどの研究は,成人に焦点を当てており,子供への影響に関する知識のギャップが残っています.
小児PASCの特徴は,その背後にあるメカニズムを理解し,将来の治療戦略を導くために重要です.

研究の目的:

6~17歳児におけるPASCの長時間の症状を特定する.
学校に通う年齢の子供 (6~11歳) と青少年 (12~17歳) の症状の違いを分析する.
PASCの症状群 (現象型) を定義し,小児科研究におけるPASCの識別のための経験的指標を開発する.

主な方法:

5,000人以上の子供と青少年 (SARS-CoV-2 感染歴のある者およびない者) を対象とした多センターの長期観察コホート研究.
データ収集は,2022年3月から2023年12月までの間に,米国のさまざまな医療およびコミュニティの環境で行われた.
分析には,一般的な症状を特定し,年齢層を比較し,症状をフェノタイプに分類し,PASC研究指標を開発することが含まれていた.

主要な成果:

14 症状は,感染していない子供と比較して,SARS-CoV-2 感染歴のある子供に顕著に多く見られ,複数の臓器系に影響を与えました.
異なるPASC研究指標は,学齢の子供 (神経認知症,痛み,胃腸症状を強調) と青少年 (嗅覚/味覚の喪失,痛み,疲労を強調) について開発された.
4つのPASC症状フェノタイプは,学齢期の子供と3つの青少年で特定され,年齢特有のパターンを示した.

結論:

この研究は,小児の集団におけるPASCの特徴化のための研究指標を成功裏に開発した.
症状のパターンは似通っていたが,学齢の子供と青年の間では区別できた.
この発見は,子どもと青少年におけるPASCの特徴と研究のための年齢特有のアプローチの必要性を強調しています.

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