交感性ニューロペプチドYは,熱性脂肪を維持することによって,肥満から保護します
Yitao Zhu1, Lu Yao1, Ana L Gallo-Ferraz2
1Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Nature
|August 28, 2024
まとめ
交感神経からのニューロペプチドY (NPY) は,エネルギー消費を維持することによって肥満を予防します. これらのニューロンのNPYの喪失は肥満を引き起こし,体内のカロリー燃焼能力を低下させます.
科学分野:
- 神経内分泌学
- 代謝の調節
- 脂肪組織生物学
背景:
- 神経ペプチドY (NPY) のヒトの変異は,高体量指数と相関する.
- 肥満に関する同情神経細胞におけるNPYの正確な役割は不明である.
- 茶色 (BAT) と白色 (WAT) を含む脂肪組織は,エネルギーホメオスタシスにおいて重要な役割を果たします.
研究 の 目的:
- 交感性ニューロンのNPYが肥満を防ぐメカニズムを解明する.
- NPYと脂肪組織とエネルギー消費の相互作用を調査する.
- 交感性ニューロンのNPY欠乏が代謝健康に与える影響を決定する.
主な方法:
- クリアされたマウスの脂肪組織 (BATとWAT) の上での高度なイメージング技術を使用した.
- 単細胞RNA配列データセットを分析してNPY反応細胞を特定した.
- 交感性ニューロンのNPYを消去したマウスモデルを生成し,研究した.
主要な成果:
- NPY発現する交感性軸索は,主に脂肪組織内の周周血管と関連している.
- 壁細胞は,熱生成性アディポサイト生成に不可欠なNPY反応性細胞として特定された.
- ダイエットによる肥満はNPY+軸索の神経病変と壁細胞の枯渇を引き起こした.
- 交感性NPYの喪失は白色化,熱生成の減少,肥満の発症前のエネルギー消費の減少をもたらした.
- 交感性NPYが欠けていたマウスは,大人の肥満を発症し,食事による肥満に対する感受性が高まった.
結論:
- 交感神経からの周辺のNPYは,中央のNPYの体重への影響に反して,エネルギー支出を維持します.
- 脂肪組織の壁細胞におけるNPYシグナル伝達は,熱生成能力の維持と肥満の予防に不可欠である.
- 交感性NPY欠乏症はエネルギーバランスを乱し,食物の摂取とは関係なく代謝の調節における重要な役割を強調する.
関連する概念動画
Regulation of Food Intake
205
Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
205
Sympathetic Activation
5.2K
The sympathetic division can influence tissues and organs by releasing norepinephrine at peripheral synapses and distributing epinephrine and norepinephrine through the bloodstream. In times of crisis or stress, sympathetic activation occurs, which is regulated by sympathetic centers in the hypothalamus. As a result, sympathetic activation prepares the body for physical exertion, rapid ATP production, and heightened alertness, allowing individuals to respond effectively to challenging or...
5.2K
Hormonal Regulation
43.2K
Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
43.2K
Sympathetic Signaling
915
Sympathetic signaling, a vital part of the autonomic nervous system, plays a crucial role in mobilizing the body's resources in response to stress or emergencies. It involves the transmission of nerve impulses from sympathetic preganglionic fibers to postganglionic fibers. This results in the release of specific neurotransmitters and activation of adrenergic receptors.
Sympathetic preganglionic fibers release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) onto the ganglionic neurons in the...
Sympathetic preganglionic fibers release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) onto the ganglionic neurons in the...
915
Hypodermis
4.2K
The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...
4.2K
Thermoregulation
928
The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
928


