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関連する概念動画

Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

3.5K
DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

4.4K
Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become...
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Mutations01:35

Mutations

35.2K
Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
35.2K
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

12.3K
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
12.3K
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

30.9K
In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
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DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:37

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

9.1K
In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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Visualization of miniSOG Tagged DNA Repair Proteins in Combination with Electron Spectroscopic Imaging ESI
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酸化損傷による微核崩壊

Melody Di Bona1,2, Yanyang Chen3, Albert S Agustinus1,2,4

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 29, 2024
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

ミトコンドリアによって生成される活性酸素種 (ROS) は,充電された多細胞体タンパク質7 (CHMP7) の機能を変化させ,特に低酸素状態では染色体損傷を引き起こし,がんの進行を促進します.

さらに関連する動画

Application of Laser Micro-irradiation for Examination of Single and Double Strand Break Repair in Mammalian Cells
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Application of Laser Micro-irradiation for Examination of Single and Double Strand Break Repair in Mammalian Cells

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Quantification of three DNA Lesions by Mass Spectrometry and Assessment of Their Levels in Tissues of Mice Exposed to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter
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Quantification of three DNA Lesions by Mass Spectrometry and Assessment of Their Levels in Tissues of Mice Exposed to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Visualization of miniSOG Tagged DNA Repair Proteins in Combination with Electron Spectroscopic Imaging ESI
13:06

Visualization of miniSOG Tagged DNA Repair Proteins in Combination with Electron Spectroscopic Imaging ESI

Published on: September 24, 2015

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Application of Laser Micro-irradiation for Examination of Single and Double Strand Break Repair in Mammalian Cells
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Application of Laser Micro-irradiation for Examination of Single and Double Strand Break Repair in Mammalian Cells

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Quantification of three DNA Lesions by Mass Spectrometry and Assessment of Their Levels in Tissues of Mice Exposed to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter
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Quantification of three DNA Lesions by Mass Spectrometry and Assessment of Their Levels in Tissues of Mice Exposed to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter

Published on: May 29, 2019

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科学分野:

  • 細胞生物学
  • 癌 研究
  • 分子腫瘍学

背景:

  • 染色体を含むマイクロ核は,攻撃的な癌の特徴です.
  • マイクロ核の破裂は染色体不安定性,表遺伝的変化,炎症を引き起こす.
  • マイクロ核の完全性を保護するメカニズムは,ほとんど不明のままです.

研究 の 目的:

  • 反応性酸素種 (ROS) がマイクロ核の完全性に影響するメカニズムを調査する.
  • ROS媒介によるマイクロ核破壊における充電された多胞体タンパク質7 (CHMP7) の役割を解明する.

主な方法:

  • マイクロ核内のミトコンドリア由来ROSとCHMP7の相互作用を調査した.
  • CHMP7のオリゴメリゼーションとLEMD2との相互作用に対するROSの効果を分析した.
  • ROS- CHMP7軸の染色体完全性と微核の安定性に対する影響をノルモキシックおよび低毒性条件で調べました.

主要な成果:

  • ミトコンドリア由来ROSは,ESCRT- III複合体の構成要素であるCHMP7の機能を変化させ,マイクロ核を破壊する.
  • ROSはマイクロ核内のCHMP7の保持とオリゴメリゼーションを促進し,他のESCRT- IIIタンパク質との相互作用を妨害し,LEMD2と結合する.
  • この病理的軸は,特に低酸素腫瘍の条件下で,染色体の破裂と微核の解体をもたらします.

結論:

  • 新しいROS- CHMP7経路は,癌におけるマイクロ核膜破裂とゲノム不安定に寄与する.
  • この経路はミトコンドリア機能障害と低酸素を 癌の進行を促すプロセスと結びつけています
  • このメカニズムを理解することで 侵襲的な癌の治療対象となる可能性があります