関連する実験動画
Updated: Jun 14, 2025

11:53
Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems
Published on: September 8, 2012
27.3K
多種多様なウイルス系遺伝子がCRISPR免疫を阻害する
Mark A Katz1, Edith M Sawyer1, Luke Oriolt1
1Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Nature
|September 4, 2024
まとめ
研究者らは,細菌のCRISPR-Cas免疫システムを標的にする新しいアンチCRISPR (Acr) タンパク質を発見しました. これらのAcrはCas遺伝子から進化し,ゲノム編集技術に対する幅広い制御を提供します.
科学分野:
- 微生物学
- 分子生物学
- 遺伝学
背景:
- Prokaryotic CRISPR-Casシステムは,ファグとプラズミドに対する適応免疫を提供します.
- 抗CRISPRタンパク質 (Acrs) は,CRISPR- Casタンパク質の活性を抑制することによって,CRISPR- Cas免疫に抵抗する.
- Acrsの進化的起源と広範囲の阻害メカニズムは,ほとんど不明のままである.
研究 の 目的:
- 様々なリステリアの単離体におけるACR含量と抑制特異性を調査する.
- 新しいAcr遺伝子ファミリーとその起源を特定する.
- Acrsの進化をカース・ゲン・コオプションで調べる
主な方法:
- リステリアの単離体におけるCRISPR-Casシステムの分析
- 新しいアクロゲンファミリーの識別と特徴付け
- ウイルスの配列データベースで 孤児のCas遺伝子を調べる
- 特定されたAcrsとCas同類体の機能的検証
主要な成果:
- リステリアで11の新しい遺伝子と4つの既知の遺伝子ファミリーを発見し,移動要素によってコード化されました.
- タイプI-BのCasタンパク質に同質性を持つ2つのAcrsを特定した. 一つは欠陥干渉複合体を形成している.
- crRNAの分解によってRNAを標的とするVI型CRISPRを阻害するタイプI-BのCasホモログが見つかりました.
- I-B,II-A,VI-A型のCRISPR免疫を抑制する広範囲のCas3ホモログが確認されました.
結論:
- Acrの進化の直接的な証拠を提供した.
- ゲノム編集技術の広範囲制御の可能性のある新しいAcrsを特定しました.
- CRISPR-Casシステムの破壊と進化の理解を広げました
関連する概念動画
CRISPR and crRNAs
16.9K
Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
16.9K
CRISPR
49.9K
Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
49.9K
Homologous Recombination
50.3K
The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
50.3K
Viral Mutations
32.2K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
32.2K
Viral Recombination
23.3K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
23.3K
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
765
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
765

