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関連する概念動画

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

58.3K
In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
58.3K
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
7.1K
Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

6.1K
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
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The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

42.6K
Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
42.6K
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

3.6K
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
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Genetic Drift03:33

Genetic Drift

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Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.
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Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
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Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

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繰り返し進化し,アミラーゼの場所での選択形状の構造多様性

Davide Bolognini1, Alma Halgren2, Runyang Nicolas Lou2

  • 1Human Technopole, Milan, Italy.

Nature
|September 4, 2024
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

農業革命により ヒトのアミラーゼ遺伝子の複製が多くなり 粉の消化に役立ちました この遺伝子の複製は ポジティブ・セレクションによって引き起こされ 過去"万2千年の間に 頻度が急速に増加しました

さらに関連する動画

Microinjection for Transgenesis and Genome Editing in Threespine Sticklebacks
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Microinjection for Transgenesis and Genome Editing in Threespine Sticklebacks

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In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity
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In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity

Published on: March 25, 2020

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

931
Microinjection for Transgenesis and Genome Editing in Threespine Sticklebacks
08:51

Microinjection for Transgenesis and Genome Editing in Threespine Sticklebacks

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In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity
09:16

In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity

Published on: March 25, 2020

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科学分野:

  • 人間 の 進化 的 な 遺伝子
  • ゲノミクス
  • 考古学 科学

背景:

  • 農業への移行により 人々の食生活は劇的に変化し 粉への依存が増加しました
  • アミラーゼ遺伝子は粉の消化に不可欠であり,コピー番号の変動は食事習慣に関連しています.
  • アミラーゼ遺伝子複製数の最近の選択に関する以前の証拠は限られていた.

研究 の 目的:

  • アミラーゼの位置における構造的変異の多様性と進化史を調査する.
  • 農業革命がヒトのアミラーゼ遺伝子の複製数に与える影響を理解するためです
  • アミラゼ遺伝子の構造的変異に作用する選択の証拠を特定する.

主な方法:

  • 94の長読ハプロタイプ解析アセンブリと約5,600の短読ヒトゲノムデータ (現代と古代) の分析.
  • パンゲノムベースのアプローチで,多様なヒト集団の構造的ハプロタイプを推論する.
  • ヒトゲノム533個を活用して ハプロタイプ頻度の変化を 12,000年にわたって追跡した

主要な成果:

  • 類似した構造の繰り返し進化を伴う 28 つの異なるアミラーゼ遺伝子構造構造を特定した.
  • 農業集団は,非農業集団と比較して,より高いアミラーゼ遺伝子コピー数を示しています.
  • 複製を含むハプロタイプは,遺伝子の複製の増加と関連しており,過去1万2千年にわたって西ユーラシア人の頻度が急速に上昇しました.

結論:

  • ヒトのアミラーゼ遺伝子の複製数と構造は,農業革命以来,著しい適応を経験しています.
  • アミラーゼの位置における構造的変異は,食事の変化に反応するポジティブな選択の強いシグナルを示している.
  • この研究は,主要なライフスタイルの変化に人間の適応における構造的変化の役割を強調しています.