補償,炭素市場,そして気候と経済的正義
1Rohini Pande is at the Department of Economics and Economic Growth Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. rohini.pande@yale.edu.
まとめ
世界人口の8.5%が 極度の貧困に苦しんでいます 主に低所得国です これらの国は 限られた排出予算と 気候変動の脆弱性に直面し 伝統的な開発の道を阻害しています
科学分野:
- 環境科学
- 開発経済学
- 気候変動に関する研究
背景:
- 世界の人口の8.5%が極度の貧困 (<日当たり2.15ドル) で暮らしており,そのほとんどが低所得国です.
- 歴史的に見て 経済発展は エネルギー密集的で 豊かな国々では 温室効果ガスの排出量が高くなります
- 低所得国は 限られた排出予算と 気候変動の影響に対する 脆弱性の増大に直面しています
研究 の 目的:
- 極度の貧困,経済発展,気候変動の 交差点を分析する
- 低所得国が持続可能な開発を達成するために直面している課題を強調する.
- 過去の排出量の不平等と 現在の気候変動の脆弱性を強調する
主な方法:
- 世界貧困データ分析 (世界銀行の定義)
- 各国の所得水準による過去一人当たりの温室効果ガス排出量の見直し
- 低所得国における気候変動の脆弱性の評価
主要な成果:
- 極度の貧困は低所得国に不釣り合いな影響を及ぼしています.
- 富裕な国々が 歴史的な排出責任の重荷を負っています
- 低所得国は 排出量密集型開発の能力が限られており 気候被害に より敏感です
結論:
- 伝統的なエネルギー密集型開発モデルは 低所得国の気候目標と相容れない
- 極度の貧困に対処するには,気候の制約を考慮した持続可能な開発の経路が必要です.
- 低所得国の脆弱性や 限られた資源を考慮に入れなければなりません
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