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関連する概念動画

Microcracking in Concrete01:20

Microcracking in Concrete

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Microcracking in concrete refers to the tiny cracks that can form within the material even before any external load is applied. These microcracks typically occur at the interface between the coarse aggregate and the hydrated cement paste, often as a result of differential volume changes prompted by variations in stress-strain behavior, as well as thermal and moisture movement. Initially, these microcracks remain stable and do not grow substantially until the concrete is stressed to about 30...
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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
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The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
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Regeneration and repair processes are critical in healing damages caused by injury, disease, and aging. In regeneration, the damaged tissue is entirely replaced with new growth that restores the original architecture and function. In contrast, tissue repair usually results in a fixed tissue architecture involving scar formation. Scars generally do not reestablish tissue function and may also exhibit structural abnormalities at the injury site.
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Types of Non-structural Cracks in Concrete01:28

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Non-structural cracks are primarily of three types: plastic, early-age thermal, and drying shrinkage cracks. Plastic cracks are further classified into plastic shrinkage cracks and plastic settlement cracks.
Plastic shrinkage cracks typically form within hours after the concrete is poured. The concrete's surface dries faster than the bottom, creating tensile stress that the still-plastic concrete cannot withstand, leading to diagonal or randomly patterned cracks on the concrete surface.
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Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:
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自己 癒し する 結晶

Javed R Pathan1, Haripriya Balan1, Patrick Commins2

  • 1School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura 695551, India.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|September 18, 2024
PubMed
まとめ

分子結晶は,熱相移行とポリメリゼーションの間に裂け目と自己治癒を示します. この発見により 結晶の新たな自己治癒メカニズムが明らかになり 潜在的応用が広がりました

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科学分野:

  • 材料科学
  • ポリマー化学
  • クリスタルグラフィー

背景:

  • トポケミカルポリメリゼーションは,単結晶から単結晶 (SCSC) 変換を可能にします.
  • 分子結晶は加熱時に相変化を起こします.
  • 材料の自己治癒性は 非常に求められている特性です

研究 の 目的:

  • 熱相移行とポリメリゼーション中の結晶の振る舞いを調査する.
  • 分子結晶の裂け方と 自己修復の現象を探るため
  • 結晶材料の自己修復メカニズムを 証明するために

主な方法:

  • アジドとアルキンの単体によるスクワラミド基単体の設計と合成.
  • 単結晶対単結晶 (SCSC) ポリメリゼーションは1,3-二極循環加法による.
  • 微分スキャニングカロメトリー (DSC) を用いた熱分析
  • 単結晶X線微分法を用いた結晶の構造的特徴化.

主要な成果:

  • 室温でモノメアの自発的なSCSCポリメリゼーション
  • モノメア結晶は,熱的相変化による加熱時に裂け.
  • さらに加熱または冷却すると,瞬時に自己治癒します.
  • 自己治癒した結晶は 構造的整合性と 屈折能力を維持しました
  • 60 °CでSCSC方式で完成したポリメリゼーション.

結論:

  • 分子結晶の破裂と自己治癒のための新しいメカニズムが実証されました.
  • トポケミカルポリメリゼーションと組み合わせた熱相移行は,結晶の裂け目およびその後の治癒を誘導します.
  • この自己治癒プロセスは 結晶の整合性を保ち 高度な材料の応用を可能にします