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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...

Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride

Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride

Radical substitution reactions can be used to remove functional groups from molecules. The hydrogenolysis of alkyl halides is one such reaction, where the weak Sn–H bond in tributyltin hydride reacts with alkyl halides to form alkanes. Here, the reagent Bu3SnH yields tributyltin halide as a byproduct.
The bonds formed in this reaction are stronger than the bonds broken, making it energetically favorable. The reaction follows a radical chain mechanism similar to radical halogenation...

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Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

Published on: June 24, 2022

選択的な鉄 ((I) 水素化触媒

Niko Sila¹, Andreas Dürrmann², Birgit Weber²

¹Inorganic Chemistry II-Catalyst Design, Sustainable Chemistry Center, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|September 23, 2024

まとめ

この要約は機械生成です。

この研究は,化反応のための新しい鉄 (I) 触媒を導入する. 水素を活性化し,極性二重結合を効率的に水素化し,幅広い機能群の耐性を示します.

さらに関連する動画

Protein Film Infrared Electrochemistry Demonstrated for Study of H2 Oxidation by a [NiFe] Hydrogenase

Protein Film Infrared Electrochemistry Demonstrated for Study of H2 Oxidation by a [NiFe] Hydrogenase

Published on: December 4, 2017

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Published on: December 6, 2021

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

Published on: June 24, 2022

Protein Film Infrared Electrochemistry Demonstrated for Study of H2 Oxidation by a [NiFe] Hydrogenase

Protein Film Infrared Electrochemistry Demonstrated for Study of H2 Oxidation by a [NiFe] Hydrogenase

Published on: December 4, 2017

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Published on: December 6, 2021

科学分野:

有機金属化学
カタリシス
持続可能な化学

背景:

鉄は豊富で費用対効果の高い過渡金属で,触媒作用の大きな可能性を秘めている.
化学変化における鉄の役割を理解することは持続可能な技術の開発に不可欠です
既存の水素化触媒は,機能群の互換性に関する制限に直面することが多い.

研究の目的:

効果的な水素化触媒として新しい鉄 (I) 複合体を報告する.
水素の活性化と基板の水素化に焦点を当てて,触媒メカニズムを解明する.
様々な機能群に対する触媒の耐性を証明する.

主な方法:

鉄 (I) 複合体の合成と特徴付け
反応速度と順序を決定するための運動研究.
同位体ラベリングと計算研究を含むメカニズム調査.
水素化に敏感なグループを含む様々な基板で触媒の性能をテストする.

主要な成果:

鉄 (I) 触媒は,ヘテロリート結合の分裂によって水素を活性化し,モノヒドリド中間物質を形成する.
極性二重結合の水素化は,カリウムの助力による水化物移転を含む二金属経路を経由する.
触媒メカニズムは酸化添加と還元性除去の経路を回避する.
触媒は,カルボニル (CO) を含む,水素化に敏感な機能群に対する優れた耐性を示す.

結論:

新しい鉄の水素化触媒が開発された.
解明されたメカニズムは,鉄触媒による水素化に関する新しい視点を提供します.
この触媒は,複雑な分子における選択的水素化の有望な進歩を表しています.