情報の豊富な環境における個人の評判の進化
Sebastián Michel-Mata1, Mari Kawakatsu2,3, Joseph Sartini4,5
1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
Nature
|September 25, 2024
まとめ
個人を何度も観察することで 個人の評判を決定することは 合意と協力を促進します この"二度見て,一度許す"というアプローチは,悪い行為に対してある程度の寛容ささえあれば,社会的地位と協力を維持します.
科学分野:
- 社会科学
- 行動経済学
- ゲーム理論
背景:
- 評判は社会的なやり取りと協力に不可欠であり,個人がどう扱われるかに影響を与えます.
- 正確な評判と社会的地位の共通の理解は,広範な協力のために不可欠です.
- 伝統的モデルは 限られた情報を想定しており 共感やゴシップのような 強制メカニズムが必要で それがますます問題になっています
研究 の 目的:
- 特にソーシャル・メディアから得られる 豊富な情報で 人々の評判が 形成されるか調べるのです
- 外部による強制なしに合意を促し,協力を維持できる,プライベートな評判の割り当て方法を実証する.
- この評判システムの強さや 進化の可能性を検証する
主な方法:
- 個人の行動の複数の観察を集約することによって,プライベートな評判の割り当てをシミュレートします.
- 異なる条件下で新たな合意を促進し,協力を維持するシステムの能力を分析した.
- 集団内の集合規則と判断の許容性の進化を調査した.
主要な成果:
- 複数の観察を集約することで 行動が正確に捉えられ 否定的な行動に対して寛容であっても 合意が生まれ 持続的な協力が生まれます
- この方法は,第1次および第2次規範の両方に対して有効であり,多様な集団で堅実なままです.
- 進化的選択は多重な観察と寛容な判断を好むが,利用可能な情報は全て利用されない.
結論:
- 評判を効果的に管理し,社会システムにおける協力を維持できます.
- このアプローチは複雑な執行メカニズムの必要性を回避し,基本的な社会的ヒューリスティックを提供します.
- 社会的ダイナミクスと協力の形成における 情報の集積と寛容の力を強調しています
関連する概念動画
The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison
49.7K
According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
49.7K
Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping
38.9K
People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
38.9K
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification
5.2K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
5.2K
What is Evolutionary History?
36.3K
Scientists record evolutionary history by analyzing fossil, morphological, and genetic data. The fossil record documents the history of life on Earth and provides evidence for evolution. However, both fossil and living organisms offer evidence that outlines Earth’s evolutionary history.
36.3K
Social Exchange Theory
34.4K
We have discussed why we form relationships, what attracts us to others, and different types of love. But what determines whether we are satisfied with and stay in a relationship? One theory that provides an explanation is social exchange theory. According to social exchange theory, we act as naïve economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintaining a relationship with others (Rusbult & Van Lange, 2003).
34.4K
Social Proof
27.6K
Social proof is a form of persuasion based on comparison and conformity. People compare their behavior and actions to what others are doing and will change to conform to do what their peers do.
27.6K


