ブロンズ時代のチーズは,進化の歴史におけるヒトとラクトバシルの相互作用を明らかにしている
Yichen Liu1, Bo Miao2, Wenying Li3
1Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100035, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Cell
|September 26, 2024
まとめ
ブロンズ時代の古代DNAは 発酵乳製品の歴史に 新たな洞察を与えてくれます この研究では,ケフィールの東アジアでの拡散と,人間の活動と環境的圧力による微生物の適応を明らかにしました.
科学分野:
- 微生物学
- 考古遺伝学
- 古代 の DNA の 分析
背景:
- ケフィールのような発酵乳製品には 長い歴史があります
- 発酵した微生物の歴史的利用と進化の理解は限られている.
- 以前の研究では ケフィールは 北コーカサスで誕生したと考えられていました
研究 の 目的:
- 古代DNA分析を通して 過去のヒトと微生物の相互作用を 探求する
- ケフィールの歴史的拡散と進化を調査する
- 微生物の進化における 人間の役割を理解する
主な方法:
- 青銅時代のケフィールチーズ (約3,500年前) の古代DNAの回収と分析.
- 古代と近代のケフィール菌株の比較ゲノム分析
- 微生物の進化史と拡散を決定する 系統遺伝分析
主要な成果:
- 古代のケフィールチーズのサンプルを 発見した
- 新疆から内陸東アジアへのケフィールの拡散経路が発見され,以前から知られているコーカサス経路とは異なる.
- 東アジアのケフィール菌株は 環境ストレスに対する防御的役割を担う 遺伝子クラスターを獲得した.
- これらの適応は環境のニッチ適応と人間の選択によるものだと推論した.
結論:
- 過去の人間の活動が ヒトに関連した微生物の進化を 大きく形作りました
- 古代のDNA分析は 発酵食品の歴史的拡散と適応について 重要な洞察を与えてくれます
- この研究は 人類の行動と 微生物の共進化の理解を 向上させています
関連する概念動画
01:33Bacterial Transformation
In 1928, bacteriologist Frederick Griffith worked on a vaccine for pneumonia, which is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Griffith studied two pneumonia strains in mice: one pathogenic and one non-pathogenic. Only the pathogenic strain killed host mice.
Griffith made an unexpected discovery when he killed the pathogenic strain and mixed its remains with the live, non-pathogenic strain. Not only did the mixture kill host mice, but it also contained living pathogenic bacteria that...
Griffith made an unexpected discovery when he killed the pathogenic strain and mixed its remains with the live, non-pathogenic strain. Not only did the mixture kill host mice, but it also contained living pathogenic bacteria that...
02:55The Evidence for Evolution
Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
01:54Convergent Evolution
Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
02:18Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms
Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
02:18Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms
Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
01:24Evolution of New Traits in Microbes
Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...