タフト細胞は,人間の腸の再生性幹細胞として機能する
Lulu Huang1,2, Jochem H Bernink3,4, Amir Giladi1,2
1Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Nature
|October 2, 2024
まとめ
人間の腸のタフト細胞は,転移後ではなく,予備幹細胞として機能する. これらの細胞は損傷を受けると増殖し 腸内皮質の全てのタイプを 再生することができ これまでの理解に挑戦しています
科学分野:
- 胃腸内科
- 幹細胞生物学
- 人間の腸内皮質
背景:
- ネズミの腸のタフ細胞は長生きし,転移後の細胞と考えられた.
- 2つのネズミのタフト細胞サブセット (タフト-1,タフト-2) が以前に特定されました.
- タフ細胞の発達と膨張は,WntリガンドとIL-4やIL-13のようなサイトカインによって影響を受けます.
研究 の 目的:
- 人間の腸の細胞状態とその機能を特徴づけること.
- 特に損傷後の腸の再生におけるタフト細胞の役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- 人間の小腸切除サンプルを分析する.
- 人間の腸内オルガノイドの培養と分析
- 胎児および成人ヒトの腸における増殖性タフト細胞のin vivo研究.
- タフット細胞とないオーガノイドの放射線損傷実験.
主要な成果:
- 4つの異なるヒトのタフト細胞の状態を特定し,2つはネズミの同類型と重なり合っている.
- IL-4/IL-13の暴露により,既存のタフ細胞の増殖によってタフ細胞数が増加する.
- 胎児と成人のヒトの腸の両方で in vivo で確認されたプロジェニタルのようなタフト細胞.
- 単一の成熟したタフト細胞は,すべての腸内皮質細胞タイプを含むオーガノイドを生成することができます.
- ヒトのタフト細胞は放射線損傷に抵抗し,幹細胞/祖先細胞とは異なり再生能力を保持します.
結論:
- 人間の腸のタフト細胞は増殖性で可塑性のある細胞タイプであり,厳密には転移後の細胞ではない.
- タフト細胞は幹細胞のような性質を持ち,腸内表皮を再生することができます.
- タフト細胞は人間の腸の損傷によって活性化される 予備幹細胞のプールを形成する.
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