熱帯 雷 の 雲 に は,高度 に 動 的 な ガンマ 線 の 放射 が 多い
M Marisaldi1,2, N Østgaard3, A Mezentsev4
1Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Martino.Marisaldi@uib.no.
Nature
|October 2, 2024
まとめ
雷雨はガマ線を 広範囲に何時間も放ちます 雷雨は短期間で局所的な現象であるという 過去の考えに 異議を唱えます この研究で明らかになったのは
科学分野:
- 大気物理学
- 高エネルギー天体物理学
- 嵐の電動力学
背景:
- 以前は 短命で局所的な現象だと考えられていた
- これらの輝きは,雷雲の電場における 活発な電子加速の結果であり,電荷の分散に関連しています.
- 以前の観測は散発的であり,包括的な空間的および時間的なデータが欠けていました.
研究 の 目的:
- 雷雨中のガンマ線光領域の空間と時間の全範囲を調査する.
- ガンマ線発光の周波数と特徴を決定する.
- ガンマ線の半静止モデルに 異議を唱えます
主な方法:
- 熱帯の雷によるガンマ線放射を 測定した.
- 広範囲にわたるデータセットを分析し,輝きの持続時間,空間的範囲,時間的動態を特徴づけた.
- 雷のコンベクティブ構造と相関するガンマ線放射パターン
主要な成果:
- 熱帯の雷雨は,広大な地域 (数千平方キロメートル) で長時間 (数時間) にわたってガンマ線を放つ.
- ガンマ線放射は深層のコンベクティブ・コアと関連しているが,急速な変動 (1-10秒,サブ秒) がある.
- 観測されたダイナミクスは,準静止モデルと矛盾しており",沸騰鍋"の振る舞いに似ています.
結論:
- 雷によるガンマ線の輝きは 以前より広範囲でダイナミックです
- "沸騰する鍋"モデルは これらのエネルギー現象の振る舞いを より良く説明します
- この発見は,大気中の電気と高エネルギー粒子プロセスを理解するための意味を持っています.
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