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関連する概念動画

Photoluminescence: Fluorescence and Phosphorescence01:23

Photoluminescence: Fluorescence and Phosphorescence

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Photoluminescence is a process where a molecule absorbs light energy and re-emits it in the form of light. This phenomenon occurs when a substance absorbs photons, promoting its electrons to higher energy level excited states, followed by a relaxation process in which the electrons return to their original ground state energy levels and emit light. Photoluminescence is widely observed in various materials, including semiconductors, and organic and inorganic compounds.
A pair of electrons in a...
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Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy01:29

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

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Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which...
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Emission Spectra

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When solids, liquids, or condensed gases are heated sufficiently, they radiate some of the excess energy as light. Photons produced in this manner have a range of energies, and thereby produce a continuous spectrum in which an unbroken series of wavelengths is present.
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Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

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Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.
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Reporter Genes

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Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
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閃く ガンマ 線 閃き は,ガンマ 線 と TGF の 間 に 欠け て いる リンク です

N Østgaard1, A Mezentsev2, M Marisaldi3,4

  • 1Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Nikolai.Ostgaard@uib.no.

Nature
|October 2, 2024
PubMed
まとめ

研究 者 たち は,雷 の 雲 から 発生 する 新しい 現象 で ある 閃乱 する ガンマ 線 (FGF) を 発見 し まし た. これらのイベントは,ガンマ線の輝きと地上のガンマ線閃光 (TGF) の間のギャップを埋めます.

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科学分野:

  • 大気中の電気
  • 高エネルギー天体物理学
  • 雷雨現象

背景:

  • 雷雲は地上のガンマ線閃光 (TGF) とガンマ線輝き (GG) を生成し,どちらも相対論的電子を含む.
  • TGFは稲妻に関連した激しい,短時間のイベントであり,輝きはより長く,より少ない.
  • この2つの現象の関係は不明である.

研究 の 目的:

  • 新しい硬質放射線現象の発見と特徴を報告する. のガンマ線フラッシュ (FGFs).
  • ガンマ線とTGFの関連性を調べる

主な方法:

  • 特殊な器具を用いた固い放射線の観測
  • FGFの持続時間,強度,パルス構造,および関連するラジオ/光学放射の分析.

主要な成果:

  • FGFは,ガンマ線とTGFの間の特徴を示し,持続時間は20〜250msです.
  • TGFとは異なり,FGFは無線と光学的に静かです.
  • FGFは輝きとして開始され,その後,強烈な,揺らめくパルスモードに移行します.

結論:

  • 光の閃きは 大気中の電気の中で 独特な現象を表しています
  • FGFは,ガンマ線の輝きと地上のガンマ線の閃光を繋ぐ,長い間求められてきたリンクとして機能します.
  • この発見は 雷雲による放射能の理解における 重要なギャップを埋めました