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関連する概念動画

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

959
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
959
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

679
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
679
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

1.6K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
1.6K
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

7.2K
The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...
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Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

2.1K
Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
2.1K
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

7.3K
The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jun 10, 2025

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
07:12

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Published on: April 16, 2015

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ニューロペプチド信号はT細胞の分化を指揮する

Yu Hou1,2,3, Linyu Sun1,3, Martin W LaFleur1,4

  • 1Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Mass General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Nature
|October 16, 2024
PubMed
まとめ

ニューロンは神経ペプチドCGRPを通じてTヘルパー1 (TH1) 細胞の分化を調節する. この神経免疫回路は,感染中にTH1細胞の活性を促進することによって,抗ウイルス反応を強める.

さらに関連する動画

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
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Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

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Identification of Mediators of T-cell Receptor Signaling via the Screening of Chemical Inhibitor Libraries
08:49

Identification of Mediators of T-cell Receptor Signaling via the Screening of Chemical Inhibitor Libraries

Published on: January 22, 2019

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2025

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
07:12

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Published on: April 16, 2015

51.9K
Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
15:33

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

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Identification of Mediators of T-cell Receptor Signaling via the Screening of Chemical Inhibitor Libraries
08:49

Identification of Mediators of T-cell Receptor Signaling via the Screening of Chemical Inhibitor Libraries

Published on: January 22, 2019

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科学分野:

  • 免疫学
  • 神経科学
  • 分子生物学

背景:

  • Tヘルパー1 (TH1) 細胞と他のTH細胞のサブセットのバランスは,効果的な抗ウイルスおよび抗腫瘍免疫に不可欠です.
  • TH1細胞の分化を制御する正確なメカニズムは,まだ完全に理解されていません.

研究 の 目的:

  • TH1細胞の微分化の動的調節を in vitro および in vivo で調査する.
  • TH1 細胞運命を決定する重要なレギュレータを特定する.

主な方法:

  • 調節器の識別のために二分型TH1-TH2細胞培養システムを利用した.
  • 制御機能の体系的な検証のために,in vitroとin vivoのCRISPRスクリーンを使用した.
  • 受容体活性調節タンパク質3 (RAMP3) とカルシトニン遺伝子関連ペプチド (CGRP) のシグナル伝達の役割を分析した.

主要な成果:

  • RAMP3はTH1細胞の分化に細胞内的な役割を果たしています.
  • RAMP3-CALCRL受容体による細胞外CGRPシグナリングは,TH2を制限し,CREBとATF3の活性化を通じてTH1の分化を促進する.
  • ATF3は,TH1の重要なレギュラーであるStat1の発現を誘導する.
  • ニューロンのCGRPは,ウイルス感染中にT細胞RAMP3と相互作用し,TH1およびCD8+T細胞の抗ウイルス反応を強化する.

結論:

  • TH1細胞運命を決定するニューロンのCGRPとT細胞RAMP3を含む神経免疫回路を特定した.
  • CGRPのシグナル伝達がTH1の分化を促進し,抗ウイルス免疫を強化することを実証した.
  • ウイルス感染時の適応免疫反応におけるニューロンの参加のための新しいメカニズムを確立した.