米国で最も急速に拡大し,最も破壊的な火災 (2001年~2020年)
Jennifer K Balch1,2, Virginia Iglesias1,3, Adam L Mahood4
1Environmental Data Science Innovation and Inclusion Lab (ESIIL), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 24, 2024
まとめ
急速に広がる森林火災は 大規模な脅威であり 建築物の78%を破壊し 数十億ドルの損害をもたらしています 森林火災の管理と 地域社会の安全を向上させるには 森林火災の急速な増殖を理解することが重要です
科学分野:
- 環境科学
- リモートセンシング
- 災害管理
背景:
- 森林火災は大きな脅威となり 破壊的で致命的な出来事が 急速に広がるのが特徴です
- 急速に拡大する森林火災の動態を理解することは 効果的な対応と緩和に不可欠です
研究 の 目的:
- 衛星データを用いて アメリカ全土の森林火災の 日々の増加率を分析する
- 迅速な火災が構造物や消火コストに及ぼす影響を定量化する.
- 森林火災の増加率の傾向を特定するために,特に米国西部で.
主な方法:
- 衛星データを活用して,2001年から2020年までの6万件以上の森林火災の 増加率を分析した.
- "急速な火災"は,1日間に1620ヘクタール以上の土地で発生する火災と定義されています.
- 急速な火災による 破壊された建物と消火コストの割合を 計算した.
主要な成果:
- アメリカの生態系の半分近くが 破壊的な火災を経験しました
- 急速な火災は,破壊された構造物の78%と,総消火コストの61% (180億ドル) を占めた.
- 急速な火災の平均ピーク日数は2001年から2020年の間に米国西部で2倍以上増加しました (+249%).
結論:
- 急速に拡大する森林火災は アメリカ全土,特に西部の地域において 大きく増大する脅威となっています
- これらの火災は不釣り合いに破壊を招き,高い消火コストを伴う.
- 消防戦略の改善とコミュニティの準備は 急速な火災の増大する課題に対処するために不可欠です
関連する概念動画
01:50Threats to Biodiversity
22.2K
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
22.2K
02:26Ecological Disturbance
17.0K
An ecological disturbance is a temporary disruption in the environment resulting from abiotic, biotic, or anthropogenic factors, causing a pronounced change in an ecosystem. The impact of an ecological disturbance, which can depend on its intensity, frequency, and spatial distribution, plays a significant role in shaping the species diversity within the ecosystem.
17.0K
01:50Global Climate Change
24.2K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
24.2K
02:31Habitat Fragmentation
17.4K
Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land conversion, as well as slower geological processes leading to changes in the physical environment, are the two leading causes of habitat fragmentation. The fragmentation process typically follows the same steps: perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage, and attrition.
17.4K
01:11Hazard Rate
91
The hazard rate, also known as the hazard function or failure rate, is a statistical measure used to describe the instantaneous rate at which an event occurs, given that the event has not yet happened. From a probabilistic perspective, it represents the likelihood that a subject will experience the event in a very small time interval, conditional on surviving up to the beginning of that interval. In terms of frequency, the hazard rate can be viewed as the ratio of the number of events to the...
91
01:22Burn Injuries
2.4K
Burn injuries occur when the skin and underlying tissues are damaged due to exposure to heat, electricity, chemicals, radiation, or friction. They can vary in severity, from minor superficial burns to severe deep burns that can be life-threatening.
The damage results in the death of skin cells, which can lead to a massive loss of fluid. Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and renal and circulatory failure follow, which can be fatal. Burn patients are treated with intravenous fluids to offset...
The damage results in the death of skin cells, which can lead to a massive loss of fluid. Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and renal and circulatory failure follow, which can be fatal. Burn patients are treated with intravenous fluids to offset...
2.4K