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関連する概念動画

Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

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Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
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Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

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Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form...
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DNA Topoisomerases02:02

DNA Topoisomerases

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Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. These enzymes regulate positive and negative DNA supercoiling without changing the nucleotide sequence. DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA.
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Bacterial Transcription01:53

Bacterial Transcription

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RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
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RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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Single-Molecule Imaging of EWS-FLI1 Condensates Assembling on DNA
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酵素反応性DNA濃縮物

Juliette Bucci1,2, Layla Malouf2,3, Diana A Tanase2,3

  • 1Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome 00133, Italy.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|November 6, 2024
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

科学者は 酵素の活動を制御するために DNAベースのコンパートメントを作り 自然の細胞構造を模倣しました これにより,合成細胞内の反応の空間的組織化が可能になり,新しい生体模倣機能を可能にします.

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Last Updated: Jun 8, 2025

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科学分野:

  • 生物化学
  • 合成生物学
  • バイオ物理学

背景:

  • 膜のない臓器細胞は細胞プロセスを調節し,合成細胞工学の重要なターゲットです.
  • 合成システムにおける 自然な膜のない臓器細胞の ダイナミックで空間的に分布した機能を 複製することは依然として課題です

研究 の 目的:

  • DNAベースの膜のないコンパートメント内の酵素活動の局所化を実証する.
  • 合成細胞で空間的に組織された 酵素反応を設計する

主な方法:

  • 酵素活性を局所化するために,DNAベースの膜のないコンパートメント内でDNAまたはRNA基板を隔離する.
  • 反応-拡散プロセスを利用して不均衡パターンを生成する.
  • ダイナミックなパターンを捉え 空間を構成する コンセントリックなサブコンパートメントを作ります

主要な成果:

  • DNAベースのコンパートメント内での核酸分裂酵素の局所的な活性を達成した.
  • 酵素濃度と反応拡散によって制御される複雑な不均衡パターンを観察した.
  • 基板を同心的なサブコンパートメントに編成することによって,酵素活動の空間的分布を証明した.

結論:

  • 合成膜のない臓器に バイオミメティック機能を設計する方法を開発した.
  • 酵素/核酸検出のためのマイクロバイオリアクターまたはプラットフォームとしてのDNAベースのコンデンサートの可能性を示しました.